LT1918 metais, baigiantis Pirmajam pasauliniam karui, remiantis tautų apsisprendimo teise, buvo sukurtos naujos valstybės: Estijos bei Latvijos Respublikos, kaip ir atkurta Lietuvos valstybė - Lietuvos Respublika. Šių teritorijų gyventojai - tiek pagrindinių tautų, tiek tautinių mažumų atstovai - pateko j naują situaciją, kurioje jiems teko apsispręsti, kuriai valstybei priklausyti ateityje. Nustatyti valstybių sienas dažnai būdavo gana sunki užduotis, nes pasienio ruožai paprastai pasižymėjo mišria etnine sudėtimi. Dabartinis Palangos kraštas iki Šventosios upės šiaurėje 1795 m. priklausė Lietuvos Didžiajai Kunigaikštystei, o Šventosios upės dešinysis krantas tuomet priskirtas Kuršo kunigaikštystei. 1795 m. tiek LDK, tiek Kuršo kunigaikštystė, padalijus Abiejų Tautų Respubliką, buvo prijungtos prie Rusijos imperijos. Administracinio valdymo sienos iš pradžių nesiimta keisti. 1819 m. Palangos valsčius - buvusi vienintelė LDK prieiga (apie 20 km ilgio pajūrio linijos) prie jūros - iš tuometinės Lietuvos Vilniaus gubernijos buvo perduotas kaimyninei Kuršo gubernijai (ji įsteigta 1795 m. buvusioje Kuršo kunigaikštystėje). Taip įvyko dėl to, kad sujungtos muitinės įstaigos. Taigi Kuršas įgijo tiesioginę sieną su Prūsija (didžiausią nuo 1871 m., kai Vokietija tapo imperija, kaizerine valstybe). Daugumą Palangos krašto gyventojų sudarė lietuviai, nors pajūryje gyveno ir latvių arba kuršių žvejų. Jų apgyvendintas ruožas pajūryje plito nuo Kuršo iki Prūsijos (Klaipėdos/Memelio) apylinkių ir toliau Kuršių nerijos pusėn. Žinoma, laikotarpiu, iki pradedant plėtoti nacionalizmą ir tautinę savimonę, verčiau reikėtų kalbėti ne apie latvius, o apie latvių kalbos tarmėmis kalbėjusius žmones, kurių dauguma buvo žvejai.Nors tai, kad Palangos kraštas prijungtas prie Kuršo gubernijos, galbūt ir skatino latvių žvejus įsitvirtinti Palangos pajūryje, neabejotina, kad kuršių žvejai nuolat gyveno Lietuvos pajūryje iki 1795 m. 1921 m. latviškoje spaudoje apie Palangos krašto gyventojus buvo „Sventos [Šventosios] kaimas gyvenamas latvių, visas kitas kraštas - lietuvių, Palangos miestelis - žydų". Palangos krašte didžiausias miestelis buvo Palanga, jame dauguma gyventojų buvo žydai. 1881 m. iš 1618 miestelio gyventojų 1121 buvo judėjų tikybos ir kalbėjo hebrajiškai. Dauguma žydų tradiciškai buvo amatininkai, pirkliai, smuklininkai. XIX a. antrojoje pusėje žydai Palangoje įkūrė gintaro apdirbimo įmonių. Daug žydų buvo įdarbinta gintaro prekybos ir pramonės srityse. Palangos žydų bendruomenė reikšmingai paveikė miestelio bei krašto ūkinę sanklodą. Be to, jos demografinės ypatybės bei socialinė situacija lėmė savitą politinių aktualijų, tokių kaip Palangos krašto (valsčiaus) priklausomybės klausimas, vertinimą. Taigi šio straipsnio tikslas yra, remiantis Latvijos istorijos šaltiniais, atskleisti Palangos žydų bendruomenės nuostatų Palangos krašto priklausomybės klausimu kaitą 1918-1921 m [Iš Įvado].
ENThe new states, i.e. the Republic of Estonia and the Republic of Latvia, were established in 1918, at the end of the WWI, on the basis of the right of the people to self-determination. The State of Lithuania - the Republic of Lithuania - was restored in the same year. The residents of these territories, the representatives of both the main nations and the national minorities, faced a new situation where they had to decide which state they should choose in the future. It was often difficult and complicated to establish the state borders because the representatives of various ethnic groups lived in the borderlands. Until 1795 the current region of Palanga up to the river Šventoji in the north belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the right bank of the river Šventoji then belonged to the Duchy of Courland. After division of the Polish-Lith- uanian Commonwealth, both the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Duchy of Courland were connected to the Russian Empire in 1795. The border of administrative management was not changed at the beginning. In 1819 Palanga County, a strip with a length of approximately 20 kilometers, which was the only access to the sea of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, was transferred from the contemporary Vilnius Governorate to the neighbouring Courland Governorate (that was established in 1795 in the territory of the Duchy of Courland). The reason: merger of the Customs office. Thus the direct border with Prussia (which from 1871 became the largest part of the German Emprire, kayzer state) was acquired by Courland. Lithuanians made up the largest share of the population of Palanga. Latvian or Curonian fishermen lived in the coastal region. The stretch of their residence in the coastal region ran from Courland to Prussia, the vicinities of Klaipėda and further to the Curonian Spit.Of cause, then, during the period of development of nationalism and national self-consciousness, we can talk not about Latvians, but about the people who spoke in dialects of Latvian language, most of whom were fishermen. [...] After the end of the actions of the WWI, the bodies of the local self-government were formed in the territories occupied by Germans. The council of both Palanga town and County was elected, the Executive Committees were formed. At the beginning, in 1919 the Executive Committees of Palanga town consisted of seven Lithuanians, three Jews and two Latvians, the minutes of the meetings were written in Lithuanian. The residents of Palanga were left wing people and did not want to cooperate with whatever government. Since Palanga belonged to the former Courland Governorate of the Russian Empire and was a part of its Grabina County, the Provisional Government of the Republic of Latvia considered Palanga to be the territory of Latvia untill otherwise will be decided during the negotiation on the border. Therefore, the representatives of Lithuania campaigned the locals for connection to the Republic of Lithuania. The battles for Independences were taking place in the Western Latvia until December 1919. At the end of the battles the entire territory of Palanga was occupied by the Latvian Army that pushed out Bermont-Avalov's German-Russian monarchist troops to Germany. Soon afterwards, in the middle of February 1920, by implementing the provisions of the Article 99 of theTreaty of Versailles, the German territory, i.e. Klaipeda region, bordering Palanga region, was separated from the state and its governance was delegated on the temporary basis to the states of the Triple Entente, namely to France. The Latvian policy to keep Palanga region was determined both by economic interests and the mixed ethnic composition of this region, with quite high percentage of Latvians.The StateTreasury earned revenue from amber workshops in Palanga, amber trade, customs levies. The important trade route from Latvia to Germany was passing through the stretch of Palanga. It is necessary to consider the attitudes of the locals on the issue of independence of Palanga region before the Lithuanian-Latvian border was finally established. Meanwhile, the issue of dependence of Palanga region in the future was addressed. The evidences from this period show that the locals were both actively determined concerning the future change of dependence and their reaction to various events. These evidences allow us to allows us to form an opinion on the attitude of the locals. The documents stored in Latvia State Historical Archive also contain the data about the attitudes of the Jewish community on the issue of dependence of Palanga region. Judging by the archival sources found in Latvia, during the period from 1918 to 1921 the Jewish community of Palanga supported the idea that the region should remain the part of Latvia. This was determined by the fact that Palanga region was in close economic and social relation with Courland, especially with Liepaja, that developed over long time. The Jewish community trusted the Latvian Government and governors, and was sceptical about the Lithuanian Government. The Jewish community expressed its attitudes on the issue of dependence of Palanga region by applying to the Latvian administration in Palanga as well as to the Commission of Establishment of Latvian-Lithuanian border and the Latvian Government.