Zakres wykorzystania kredytów bankowych przez przedsiębiorstwa w Polsce na tle krajów Unii Europejskiej

ENThe scope of enterprise financing through bank loans is of fundamental importance for the country’s economic development. It depends on the macroeconomic situation, stability of the banking sector, the financial condition of enterprises and the type of collateral loans. The study demonstrated that in Poland, interest-bearing debt is less commonly used for financing enterprises than in other European Union member states, except for the Czech Republic, Lithuania, and Romania. Bank loans account for more than half of enterprise debt, while their change dynamics in the years 2007-2016 were considerably lower than the dynamics of factoring or bond issuance. Large enterprises in Poland use between 40% and 43% of the total loan pool. Loans in PLN dominate in the loan structure, with foreign currency loans comprising between 25% and 29% percent of the total amount. The use of working capital loans and investment loans is similar in scope. In the total amount of loans granted to business entities in Poland, the share of loans and borrowings contracted for the purchase of real estate and other purposes is systematically growing.