Socialinio saugumo problema vaikų globos namuose

LTVaikai, netekę tėvų globos, yra apgyvendinami globėjų šeimose, šeimynose ir įvairiose vaikų globos institucijose. Lietuvos Respublikos statistikos departamento duomenimis 2009 m. Lietuvoje buvo apie 12,3 tūkst. be tėvų globos likusių vaikų ir tai sudarė apie 1,69 proc. visų Lietuvos vaikų. 39 proc. minėtų vaikų gyveno globos institucijose, kur jų globa ir priežiūra, socialiniu saugumu ir kitais klausimais iš esmės rūpinosi socialiniai darbuotojai, socialinių darbuotojų padėjėjai, socialiniai pedagogai, psichologai ir kiti specialistai. Todėl šiuo straipsniu siekiama atskleisti vaikų socialinio saugumo sampratą, vaikų globos namų, kaip socialinės institucijos ypatumus bei juose dirbančių socialinių darbuotojų, socialinių darbuotojų padėjėjų požiūrį į nepilnamečių socialinio saugumo užtikrinimą globos įstaigose. Taip pat straipsnyje, analizuojant užsienio šalių ir Lietuvos mokslininkų darbus, analizuojamos vaikų socialinio saugumo problemos globos namuose, pristatomi minėtas problemas įtakojantys veiksniai.

ENThe purpose of this article is to reveal the concept of children social security, the peculiarities of the foster homes as the social institution and the attitude of social workers and the assistants of social workers towards the social security of adolescents in foster institutions. Also, analyzing the works of foreign and Lithuanian scientists, the article analysis children’s social security problems in foster homes and presents the factors influencing these problems. The problem of the research includes such questions: What are the main features of children’s social security in foster homes? What factors influence children’s social security in foster homes? How do the social workers and the assistants of social workers solve the problems of social security in foster homes? The object of the research - children’s social security in foster homes. The purpose of the research - to reveal the problem of children’s social security in foster homes. The methods of the research - analysis of the scientific literature, survey. Methodology and organization of the research - The research included one group of subjects: social workers working in Lithuanian foster homes and the assistants of social workers who have the direct contact with the children living there (professional activities focused on the assistance to a child). Sample - 183 respondents. The research involved exclusively women which shows that women more than men tend to choose the job of social worker or the assistant of social worker. The respondents of the research were of 27 - 56 years old who studied in college or university. There were several stages in 2009 and 2010 of the research.Conclusion: 1. The social workers and the assistants of social workers working in foster homes understand the essence of the social security problem; however, not everyone is deep in the specifics of this issue. Knowing that children living in foster homes violence in their relationships, the respondents developing their professional activities in foster homes pay a special attention to the children’s social security and highlights these issues in every situation and identifies as the key ones. However, the participants of the research often points out that the specialists working in the institutions should solve the social security issues in foster homes. This situation is not very appropriate due to a special confidence in adults and the activities in different social situations with different people. 2. The social workers and the assistants of social workers working in foster homes who participated in the research are likely to involve various specialists whose job is not directly related with the work in foster homes. However, analyzing the issue of social security, there was no participation of the biological family. 3. The participants of the research stated that the issue of social security is important and its relevance is determined due to a large number of children in foster families, children’s occupation, poor intercommunication, violence, the conflicts with the staff of foster homes, negative children’s experience and other factors which can influence children’s social security individually but often they occur together.