Lietuvos teismų sistema po 1990 metų

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Administracinis teismas; Administracinis teismas, bendrosios kompetencijos teismai; Konstitucinis teismas; Lietuvos teismų sistema; Teismas; Teisėjas; Administrative court; Connstitutional Court; Constitutional Court; Court; Court system of the Republic of Lithuania; Courts of general jurisdiction; Judge.

ENOn 11 March 1990, after the Republic of Lithuania re-established its independence, there were plans to reform both the former state system and the Soviet courts. One of the key changes in the judicial system was instance-focused and institutional, when a four-tiered and three-instance judicial system was established replacing the former two-tiered and two-instance judicial system. In 1992, the reform of the general competence courts started de jure, and all four tiers of the judicial system which were established in the Constitution, namely, district courts, regional courts, Court of Appeal of Lithuania and the Supreme Court of Lithuania, started operating from 1 January 1995. Still, when conducting these reorganisations some technical, financial as well as legal and organisational difficulties were encountered: some of the main problematic aspects were related to the establishment of double cassation in the judicial system of general competence courts, elimination of the Supreme Court of Lithuania (which reached even the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania), removal of the jurors' institute and temporary establishment of Economic Court. The entrenchment of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania in the 1992 Constitution and implementation of its corresponding provisions in 1993 constituted the major change in the judicial system and the arrangement of the state authority [government] which signalled the introduction of a new constitutional control.Regardless of various discussions on the establishment of the Constitutional Court, some of the key issues were related to the appointment of judges and the decision on the location (address) of the Constitutional Court. The stage of the development of a new judicial system was completed by the establishment of specialised - administrative - courts in 1999. A combined model in its broad sense was chosen in Lithuania (settlement of administrative disputes was allocated to courts and other state authorities) and the two instance and threetiered judicial system of administrative courts was established which was comprised of regional administrative courts, the Higher Administrative Court and the Administrative Division of the Court of Appeal of Lithuania. Yet, to have a clear and efficient system of administrative courts, in 2001, a two-tiered system with five regional administrative courts and one Supreme Administrative Court was set up thus creating a separate, independent system of administrative courts andfinishing the institutional reform of this type of courts as well as the reorganisation of the Lithuanian judicial system. [From the publication]