Cinque’s prieveiksmių hierarchija ir lietuvių kalbos duomenys

LTŠio straipsnio tyrimo objektas ‒ Cinqueʼės prieveiksmių hierarchija (an. the universal hierarchy of clausal functional projections). Remiantis šia hierarchija, straipsnyje aprašomas lietuvių kalbos sakininių prieveiksmių vartojimas vienas kito atžvilgiu. Bandoma nustatyti, ar lietuvių kalbos sakininiai prieveiksmiai sudaro tam tikrą vartojimo hierarchiją, ar lietuvių kalbos duomenys gali patvirtinti Cinqueʼės hierarchijos universalumą. Straipsnyje daugiausia remiamasi pavyzdžiais iš Kauno VDU Kompiuterinės lingvistikos centro dabartinės lietuvių kalbos tekstyno ir pavyzdžiais, rastais naudojant interneto paieškos sistemą Google. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Cinqueʼės hierarchija; Sakininiai prieveiksmiai; Prieveiksmių vartojimo tvarka; Cinqueʼs hierarchy; Sentential adverbs; Order of adverbs.

ENBy referring to the so called universal hierarchy of clausal functional projections developed by Cinque, the article describes the relative order of sentential adverbs in the Lithuanian language. The article is based on the examples from the Corpus of Contemporary Lithuanian Language of the Centre of Computational Linguistics of Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas as well as the examples found through the web search engine Google. The article does not only discuss the relative order of adjacent adverb pairs in Cinque’s hierarchy (as it is done by Cinque and other linguists mentioned in the article) but also the relative position of all adverbs in the hierarchy. After summarising the tendencies of usage of 22 adverb pairs given in Cinque’s hierarchy, it was established that examples were not found in the case of 5 pairs; 2 pairs were used in the opposite order compared to Cinque’s hierarchy; 5 pairs were used as specified in Cinque’s hierarchy, whereas 10 pairs were used in two ways, i.e. both in line with Cinque’s hierarchy and contrary to it) (see Table 4 in the article). Hence, it can be assumed that out of all the cases laid down by Cinque, the relative order of two adverbs in a sentence is usually not strictly defined and may vary in Lithuanian. Out of all the adverbs specified in Cinque’s hierarchy and applicable to the Lithuanian language, 253 two-adverb combinations can be made. After summarising all the combinations discussed in the article, it was determined that examples were not found in case of 58 combinations. Out of 195 remaining combinations, 62 pairs are used pursuant to Cinque’s hierarchy; 20 pairs are used in the opposite order compared to Cinque’s hierarchy, whereas 113 pairs are used in both ways.All that is provided in Table 5 in the article (symbol + means that the pair of two adverbs is used as specified in Cinque’s hierarchy; symbol – means that the pair is used contrary to the order established in Cinque’s hierarchy; symbol x means that no examples were found for such a pair; symbol 2 means that the pair is used in both ways). The findings of the Lithuanian language show that Cinque’s hierarchy of clausal functional projections is not universal and the Lithuanian findings cannot confirm it; that in some cases some adverbs tend to precede others in Lithuanian, though usually the relative order of two adverbs in a sentence is free and may vary; and that Lithuanian adverbs do not constitute any hierarchy based on semantics. [From the publication]