ENThe purpose of the paper is to compare the Swedish and Lithuanian models of a welfare state and to identify factors that influence the choice of a particular model. This paper offers an overview of social policy in Sweden and Lithuania after World War II, the development of a social security system in independent Lithuania, and main characteristics and changes in social policy of Sweden and Lithuania in the context of globalization. As a reference point for analysing the Lithuanian social security system, the institutional social democratic Swedish welfare state model is selected.