Vaško antspaudų technologinių ir istorinių bruožų įtaka restauravimo procesui
LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Antspaudai; Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Lietuvos istorija; Restauravimas; Restauravimo procesai; Technologiniai ir istoriniai bruožai; Vaško antspaudai; Lithuanian history; Restoration; Restoration process; Seals; Technological and Historical Characteristics; The Great Duchy of Lithuania; Wax Seals.
ENThere are few professionals who make research on the development of kinds, constructions and use of historical wax seals. The situation in Europe is similar. It is determined by the fact that the society and even historians were ignoring wax seals as a separate group of cultural heritage objects for a long time and there never have been many scholars entirely devoted to sphragistics. There also is a lack for wider context studies. Answers to some questions of historical technology of wax seal making are usually found by the experienced restorers examining broken and differently damaged historical wax seals. This article deals with the principles of wax seal making and restoration, some remarks that have changed the thinking about technologies of seal making are presented. There are the main kinds of seals, their production, forms and materials, ways of impression making, the most typical damages and process of their restoration discussed in this article. The article also deals with the restoration of the several seals important to Lithuanian sphragistics; findings of the research are briefly reported. Type of hanging seals, that were being hanged on the parchment with various strings pierced through the holes made in the corner bends of the document an used by the scribes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (also in other countries) are discussed. There were much knowledge and experience accumulated during restoration of described objects. Authors of the article persuaded that the selection of the method for seal restoration is determined by the initial knowledge of its history, technology and design on one hand, and the characteristic of the damages and destructions made to them on the other. It is supposed that there is a necessity to have as much as possible of chemical, physical and historical data about seals and there also is a need for an opportunity to cooperate with professional researchers. [From the publication]
