Žemaičių vyskupijos vyrų vienuolynų tinklas XVIII a. pab. - XX a. pradžioje

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Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Straipsnis / Article
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Žemaičių vyskupijos vyrų vienuolynų tinklas XVIII a. pab. - XX a. pradžioje
Alternative Title:
Network of men’s monasteries in the diocese of the Samogitians at the end of the 18th - the beginning of the 20th century
In the Journal:
Bažnyčios istorijos studijos. 2016, 8, p. 145-189, 234-235. Krikščioniškojo gyvenimo Lietuvoje atodangos: XIV-XX a
Keywords:
LT
18 amžius; Kalvarija; Kretinga; Telšiai; Vilnius. Vilniaus kraštas (Vilnius region); Lietuva (Lithuania); Rusija (Россия; Russia; Russia; Rossija; Rusijos Federacija; Rossijskaja Federacija); Vienuolijos / Monasteries.
Summary / Abstract:

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Rusijos valdžios politika; Vienuolis; Vienuolynas; Vyrų vienuolynų tinklas; Žemaičių vyskupija; Žemaičių vyskupija, vyrų vienuolynai; Diocese of Samogitia (Telšių); Monastery; Monk; Network of men's monasteries; Politiks of the Russian government; Samogitian diocese, male monasteries.

ENThe actions of the institutions of the Russian Empire’s government determined the change in the network of the men’s monasteries in the Diocese of Samogia at the end of the 18th century – beginning of the 20th century. Due to the actions of the Russian government the number of men’s monasteries decreased and at the beginning of the 20th century only one monastery remained active. From the end of the 18th century until the middle of the 19th century there were 15 men’s monasteries in the Diocese of Samogitia. In the middle of the 19th century after joining part of the monasteries of the Diocese of Vilnius to the Diocese of Samogitia the number of monasteries increased by four. Therefore, in the whole Diocese of Samogitia in the 19th century there were 19 monasteries, which represented 8 orders: the Augustines, Benedictines, Friars Minor of the Observance (Bernardines), Dominicans, Carmelites of the Old Observance, Piarist Fathers, Friars Minor Conventual and St. Rochus friars. The Bernardines had the most monasteries even 8, the Carmelites of the Old Observance – 4, the Dominicans – 3, St. Rochus friars – 2 and the Augustines, Benedictines, Piars, and Friars Minor Conventual one each. In 1832 6 monasteries were closed, in the period 1850–1889 12 monasteries were closed.The greatest number of monks in all the monasteries, except for the two monasteries of St. Rochus friars, was in 1828 – 191 monks. From the end of the 18th century until the middle of the 19th century the Bernardines had the most monks. The Benedictines in Pašaltuonys had the fewest monks, until the closing of the monastery every year there were only two monks. After the suppression of the 1863–1864 uprising, when the majority of the monasteries were closed, the number of monks in the not closed monasteries increased. However, by not allowing new monks to be admitted their number decreased each year, until only one monk remained in the only not closed Bernardine monastery in Kretinga. In 1912 new monks were admitted into the Kretinga monastery. The larger monasteries had schools. Some monasteries maintained high schools and district schools, as for example the Bernardine monastery in Telšiai, the Dominican monastery in Žemaičių Kalvarija, the Carmelites of the Old Observance monastery in Kolainiai. Larger or smaller hospices were operated by the monasteries, even though the foundations for them were not assigned everywhere. According to the existing data in the first half of the 19th century all the monks were of noble origin. In the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, in addition to the nobles there were a few monks of peasant origin. From a geographic point of view most came from Lithuanian districts. [From the publication]

ISSN:
1392-0502
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https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/66241
Updated:
2018-12-17 14:12:04
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