Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės 1700 m. Iždo tribunolas Vilniuje - politinių grupuočių susidūrimų arena

ENThis article presents a study of the historical circumstances of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Treasury Tribunal of 1700. The anti-Sapieha movement, or the so-called Republican struggle against the Sapieha family’s hegemony in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania reached its culmination in the late 17th century. At times, it even developed into an armed battle. Probably the most important goals of this struggle was to take control of the Lithuanian military and treasury away from the Sapiehas. The competing political groups also wrangled over influence at the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Treasury Tribunal. According to tradition, the grand treasurer would preside over Treasury Tribunals. Only in 1700, grand hetman Kazimierz Jan Sapieha was elected to chair the Lithuanian Treasury Tribunal. This decision rested on the Seimas constitution of 1699 where hetmans were among the first senators delegated to the Treasury Tribunal. An analogous process took place in the Kingdom of Poland. For Lithuania’s Republicans, who were trying to overthrow the Sapiehas’ hegemony, such a marked strengthening of the authority and powers of Kazimierz Jan Sapieha was completely unacceptable. At first, the Republicans tried to stop this particular Treasury Tribunal from convening at all. Later they tried to prevent the Sapiehas from taking control over the Treasury Tribunal, and finally, they demanded the resolutions from the 1700 Treasury Tribunal be revoked.The Republicans’ fears that the 1700 Treasury Tribunal could be the beginning of the restitution of the Sapiehas’ hegemony in Lithuania encouraged them to revert to their radical means of fighting their opponent. With the contribution of additional factors, the opposition between the Republicans and the Sapiehas in 1700 led to a fateful clash in autumn, on 18 November, at the Battle of Valkininkai which determined the Sapiehas’ defeat in this internal Lithuanian war. The growing success of the Sapieha group in taking control of the 1700 Lithuanian Treasury Tribunal scared the radical Republican camp leaders. At the start of the year it appeared as if the restitution of the Sapiehas’ hegemony was imminent. The Republicans began to rapidly mobilise their forces. Having experienced another few losses in 1700, the fateful blow that dislodged the Sapiehas from their seat of power came in autumn, at the Battle of Valkininkai. The Valkininkai agreement passed on 24 November 1700 declared the revocation of all the resolutions that had been passed at the Lithuanian Treasury Tribunal in 1700, which the Republicans had so hated and feared. [From the publication]

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