ENOn the basis of the area inhabited by the population of Belorussian the author of the article shows the problem of a multilevel national identity. She presents an “overlap” of the three levels of identification: a Polish political community of the Republic of Poland, a Lithuanian historio-political tradition of Lithuanian statehood and Belorussian, that is a regional and ethnic at the same time. An image of politicians, soldiers and culture creators (among others Antoni Lewicki, Stanisława and Józef Bułak-Bałachowicz as well as Wiaczesław Adamowicz) deriving after the end of the World War I from the tradition of a Polish – Belorussian dualism and perceiving a Polish-Belorussian cooperation as a chance of an effective defense against Russian imperialism and Bolshevik aspirations.