Wyposażenie ruchome kaplicy Świętokrzyskiej w katedrze na Wawelu: przyczynek do badań nad pobożnością Jagiellonów

LTEsminiu analizės objektu yra 1563 m. Krokuvos katedros detalus inventorius, kuriuo remiantis nagrinėjama kokie liturginiai daiktai buvo XV a. 7-ajame dešimtmetyje pastatytoje Šventojo kryžiaus koplyčioje Krokuvos Vavelio rūmų katedroje, kas leistų tvirčiau spręsti apie Jogailaičių religingumą. Šios koplyčios vienintelis patronas buvo Lenkijos karalius. Minėtoje koplyčioje buvo palaidoti karalienė Sofija Alšėniškė, karalius Kazimieras Jogailaitis ir jo žmona Elžbieta. Savo objektų turtingumu šiai koplyčiai neprilygo jokia kita, ją galima lyginti tik su Žygimanto I mauzoliejumi. Nors 1563 m. sudarytas inventorinis sąrašas, publikuotas 1979 m. atskira akademine knyga, yra gana vėlyvas šaltinis, tačiau, manytina, inventorizuotų objektų esminė dalis buvo susijusi su pirmine fundacija. Kaip vėlyvesnius galima aiškiai įvardinti tik du mišiolus. Straipsnio pagrindinį turinį sudaro koplyčioje buvusių objektų vardijimas ir sisteminimas pagal inventorinį sąrašą, pateikiant savų įžvalgų, komentarų, apibendrinimų, interpretuojant faktus vėlyvųjų viduramžių "atminties kultūros" ar "mirties kultūros" (vok. Sepulkralkultur) plačiame kontekste, įtraukiant ir daugiau šaltinių, panaudojant religinės kultūros ir bažnytinio meno istorikų nemažai veikalų. Pažymima, kad ne viską pagal inventorinius įrašus galima neginčytinai interpretuoti, o kai kuriais klausimais yra reikalingos papildomos gilesnės studijos.

ENTwo Jagiellon Chapels dedicated to Holy Trinity and Holy Cross (erected in the 1430s and 1460s) have been preserved at the facade of the Cathedral in Krakow. They served the functions of burial places of Queen Sophia of Halshany, King Casimir Jagiellon and his wife Elisabeth of Habsburg; forming the representative “backstage” leading to the church. The only patron of the Holy Cross Chapel was the Polish King, while its maintenance was provided by the council of eight prebendaries together with one cleric paid from the fund established by Casimir and Elisabeth (1473). An original altar of Our Lady of Sorrows and a tomb of King Casimir located in front of the altar have been preserved inside the chapel. The second altar dedicated to Holy Trinity was moved in the 16th century from the Chapel of Holy Trinity. A tomb of Elisabeth of Habsburg, in turn, has not been preserved. We learn from descriptions that this simple tomb with no sculptural decorations was adorned with precious fabrics.The inventory of 1563 provides us with detailed information about the original furnishings of the Chapel, in which at first different lighting systems were enumerated, e.g. sanctuary lamps which were to be lit for the money from the income from the salt mine in Wieliczka. Particularly spectacular was the collection of 22 reliquaries defined as “crux pectoralis", “pectorale pacificalis”, “tabernacula” (2), “tabulae” (2), “pacificalia seu pectoralia” (2), “imagines” (5) and “reservacula” (9), among whom a prominent role was performed by pure gold ostensorium with the thorn of Christ. 5 chalices, 31 chasubles, 33 antependia and numerous minor church furnishings were kept in the chapel. Iconographic programmes of the described pieces corresponded with a sepulchral character of the Chapel and the passion programme of pietas jagiellonica. Scenes adorning them fit in with the representations placed in the prayer books and the liturgical books funded by the representatives of the dynasty. An integral role was occupied by the coats of arms of Poland, Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Austrian House (referred not only to Elisabeth of Habsburg), which testified to the substantial importance that was attached to the furnishings of the royal tomb Chapel. Wealth hidden in its interior does not find similar antecedence in any other tomb Chapel in the Cathedral on Wawel Hill, and it could only be likened to later mausoleum of King Sigismund I.