Dėl germanizmo sampratos lietuvių kalbotyroje

ENThis article contains analysis what lexical units in linguistics of Lithuanian are referred to be Germanisms and what linguistic and extralinguistic factors determine this conception. The researches of Germanisms in the Lithuanian language go back to the 19th century and currently exceed the line of being episodic studies; their analysis is one of the main research fields of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language and a dictionary of Lithuanian Germanisms is being compiled. This review makes reference to the researches of K. Alminauskis, N. Čepienė, A. Sabaliauskas and Z. Zinkevičius and considers the research results of Germanisms in Latvian and Polish. The conclusion is drawn that the conception of Germanisms in the Lithuanian language is systematic and multiple, and refers to linguistic and extralinguistic factors. According to the researchers of the Lithuanian language, Germanisms are called proper borrowings but this concept is widened or narrowed due to the following factors: 1. Naming of a lender language, which is related to the historical genesis of the Germanic languages and the division into daughter languages. Therefore, borrowings from the Germanic languages (i.e. Gothic and Scandinavian) and from the German language can be singled out. Borrowings from German are also divided into older (13th-16th centuries) and later (17th-20th centuries) borrowings.2. History of Lithuanian and stratification, i.e. entrenchment of Germanisms according to their usage and language variants, e.g., literary language, formed in the 20th century, vs. dialects, what had direct contacts with Germans. 3. Conceptions of word-formation of Germanisms, where the number of Germanisms increases or decreases due to their morphological variants and derivatives. It is evident that in the terminology of Germanisms and other peripheral subjects there are negotiable issues, which depend on subjective interpretation by scientists. The specification of those details would give us not only linguistic data but would also help to perceive the past of the nation.