ENThe economic theory of language and the related economic theory of discrimination are interesting trends within the framework of institutional economics, especially the Institutional Economics. It is an innovative attempt to look at language as an economic phenomenon. This concept is especially applicable in multi-ethnic countries, where many ethnic minorities live. This also applies to the Polish community in Lithuania. In this context, the actions undertaken to strengthen the competitiveness of the Poles and Polish language in Lithuania deserve consideration. According to the author, Polish and Polish-Lithuanian joint economic initiatives may be important here, as well as the activity of the Polish media, and finally, above all, an educational initiative. The establishment of a branch of a Polish university in Vilnius may have particularly interesting implications.