Šiaurės Vakarų aukštaičių kanklės – žiemgalių kultūros palikimas?

LTStraipsnio tikslas - atskleisti šiaurės vakarų aukštaičių kanklių ir kankliavimo bei žiemgalių kultūros sąsajas. Objektas - Joniškio, Pakruojo, Radviliškio rajone ir Šiaulių rajono šiaurrytinėje dalyje XIX-XX a. pirmojoje pusėje vartotos kanklės. Duomenys - Lietuvos muziejuose saugomos kanklės, iš viso 6 (muziejų kankles 1985 m. išmatavo ir aprašė straipsnio autorius bei prof. M. Baltrėnienė), autoriaus vadovautos 1988 m. ekspedicijos medžiaga (surinktos žinios apie 8 kankles bei kankliavimą), kiti duomenys - 3 atvejai; iš viso - duomenys apie 17 kanklių. Metodai - analizė, lyginimas, retrospekcija, apibendrinimas. Rezultatai - keliama hipotezė, kad šiaurės vakarų aukštaičių kanklės ir kankliavimas gali atspindėti žiemgalių kultūrą, kurios sritis kadaise buvusi kur kas platesnė nei dabartinė šiaurės vakarų Aukštaitija. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Kanklės; Kultūros palikimas; Šiaurės vakarų aukštaičiai; Žiemgala, Aukštaitija, kanklės; Žiemgaliai; Culture heritage; Kanklės; North East Aukštaičiai; Semigallians; Žiemgala, Aukštaitija (highlands of Lithuania), kankles (Lithuanian stringed instrument).

ENIn North-western Aukstaitija (highlands of Lithuania) - in the districts of Joniskis, Radviliskis, Pakruojis and the North-eastern part of the district of Siauliai - people played the traditional and modified kankles in the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries. The traditional kankles according to the author's classification of the Baltic nations kankles were the musical instruments of the second type identical to those of Zemgala in Latvia and were very near to the kankles of the Samogitians (Lowlanders) and western Aukstaiciai Veliuoniskiai (that lived in the north-western part of the district of Kaunas and the district of Jurbarkas). They differed from the kankles of the Samogitians and western Aukstaiciai only in decoration and ornamentation. The kankles of north-western Aukstaiciai differed from the instruments of north-western Aukstaiciai (living in the districts of Birzai and Rokiskis and the north of the district of Kupiskis) only in construction. The traditional kankles most probably reflected the primitive culture and could be even the remains of totemism because their shapes reminded of the early fish. The kankles from pike bones were sung of in the Karelian epos "Kalevala" and its main character, old Veinemeinen, has a lot of features of the kankles players of the Baltic nations of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. The modified kankles reflected the change of the traditions of all Lithuanian ethnic culture. Taking into consideration that the kankles of north-western Aukstaiciai were used in the old lands of Semigallians in Lithuania the idea is raised that they can have a link with the cultural heritage of that tribe.Paying attention to the versions of archaeologists concerning the origin of Samogitians, the neighbouring tribe to Semigallians (according to one Samogitians are close to Semigallians, and according to another - they were the new comers of these areas), the hypothesis is formulated that Samogitians playing the two types of the kankles could assimilate the inhabitants of Semigallian culture and later on the Kurshes (another Lithuanian tribe) too. Judging by the kankles, the area of Semigallian culture once could be more active than the cultural regions of the tribes and wider: it could stretch from the Nemunas river to the Bay of Ryga. [From the publication]

• Etnologija / Ethnology
• Istorija / History