1-2 klasių mokinių darbo mokėjimų ir įgūdžių kaita bei ugdymo ypatumai dailės ir darbelių pamokose

LTStraipsnyje atskleidžiamas darbo mokėjimų ir įgūdžių turinys pradinėje mokykloje. Analizuojami karpymo, kaip svarbaus darbinės ir kūrybinės veiklos komponento bei psichomotorikos darinio, formavimosi ypatumai. Pateikiami pedagoginio eksperimento tyrimų duomenys, iliustruojami paveikslėliais ir lentelėmis. PAGRINDINIAI ŽODŽIAI: darbo mokėjimai ir įgūdžiai, ugdymo procesas, kirpimo mokėjimų ir įgūdžių formavimas, 1-2 klasės mokiniai, pradinė mokykla, mokytojas, dailės ir darbelių pamoka.

ENThe lack of the work abilities and skills, experience and knowledge is often an obstacle for a child to implement fully his intentions, it causes difficulties and limits his activities, docs not give complete satisfaction with the process of work and its results. We make a conclusion that the training of work abilities and skills quickens and widens of possibilities of activities and creation for a child, it also quickens psychomotors development, widens the outlook, stimulates the cognition of himself and his possibilities, communication and cooperation. Our objective was to systematize the work abilities and skills of the 1-2 class pupils, to investigate the peculiarities of forming cutting as an important component of working and creative activities and psychomotors derivative. The article is based on the results of the pedagogic experiment which was carried out in 1998/1999 - 1999/2000. The participants of the experiment were 144 pupils - 64 girls and 80 boys. The experimental group (102 pupils) worked according to our program of tfaining work abilities and skills and the control group (42 pupils) worked according to the Art and Work Program for a Primary School (1992) approved by the Republic of Lithuania Ministry of Culture and Education.The results of investigations showed that forming and improvement of the work abilities and skills is an entire and not dividable process, a system of training should be orientated towards a pupil, his active working and creative activities, self-expression. Special and general work abilities and skills should be trained jointly. The preciseness, quickness and quality of actions carried out are conditioned by inside factors: peculiarities of a child's personality, psychical processes, the level of the development of small muscles of hands, emotional state, etc. and outside factors: the teacher's personality, methods and forms of teaching, working environment, rationally used means, instruments, materials, etc. The cutting abilities and skills are fonned gradually and the efforts of both a pupil and a teacher are required. The main peculiarities of forming cutting abilities and skills of the 1-2 class pupils became evident: 1. anomalous keeping of an instrument; 2. inaccurate cutting, haste and mistakes related to this; 3. the qualities of materials condition the preciseness of cutting (the pupils find it more difficult to cut cloth as compared with paper); 4. the pupils do not save materials and time.