Sveikatos ir kintančio darbo laiko režimo sąsajos: slaugos kontekstas
LTPasaulyje daug dėmesio skiriama stabilios plėtros koncepcijai, kuria siekiama užtikrinti žmogaus optimalių resursų panaudojimą bei sveiką darbo aplinką. Sveikatos priežiūros specialistų darbo pobūdis, nuolatinė įtampa, kintantis darbo laiko režimas, ilgos darbo valandos dažnai būna sveikatos sutrikimų priežastis. Straipsnyje analizuojama kintančio darbo laiko režimo įtaka slaugytojų fizinei ir psichosocialinei sveikatai. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti slaugos specialistų darbo laiko režimo ir sveikatos sąsajas. Atlikta slaugytojų anketinė apklausa, apklausta 117 bendrosios praktikos slaugytojų. Tyrimas atliktas 2011–2012 metais Respublikinėje Šiaulių ligoninėje. Respondentų atsakymų analizė atskleidė, kad kintantis darbo laiko režimas turi įtaką slaugytojų fizinei ir psichosocialinei sveikatai. Ilgesnės darbo valandos dažniau sukelia sveikatos problemų. Tyrimo metu nustatytos pagrindinės slaugytojų fizinės sveikatos problemos, pasireiškiančios fiziniu nuovargiu, stuburo skausmu, galvos svaigimu ir skausmu, apetito pokyčiais. Nustatyta, jog kintant darbo trukmei didėja slaugytojų, neprisitaikančių prie kintančio darbo režimo, skaičius. Ilgesnės darbo valandos bei pamaininis darbas dažniau sukelia psichosocialinės sveikatos problemas. Tyrimo dalyviai skundėsi, kad atsirado nuotaikų kaita, abejingumas, dirglumas ir įtampa, suvokimo, atminties pokyčiai. Dėl kintančio darbo režimo kyla problemų planuojant savo ir šeimos laisvalaikį bei bendraujant su artimaisiais. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: slaugytojas, darbo laiko režimas, sveikatos problemos.
ENLots of attention is worldwide paid to the conception of stable development which ensures the optimal utilization of the resources and a healthy work environment. The nature of the work of health care professionals, permanent stress, long working hours, often changing working schedules are the causes of the health disorders of health care professionals. According to various authors, working in shifts and working at night are the main factors that interfere with circadian rhythms, decrease the ability to concentrate, cause tiredness, damage the neurovegetative system. The above mentioned factors can effect negatively the working environment, as they can lead to the occurrence of various mistakes by health care professionals. The article analyses the effect of the changing patterns of working time on the physical health and psycho - social status of the health care professionals. The purpose of the research is to determine the relation and interaction between the changing patterns of working time and the health of health care professionals. The methods of the research are the questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics methods for quantitative data processing. The data were analyzed by using SPSS and MC EXCEL software. 117 health care professionals working in shifts and at night participated in the research. The research was performed in 2011-2012 at Siauliai County Hospital. Results: the research revealed that the main physical health disorders of the health care professionals were exhaustion, headaches, pain in the back, changes in appetite. Due to long working hours, health professionals experienced tiredness, headache, respiratory problems, pain in a stomach area (p < 0,05).Long working hours and the changing patterns of working time also cause psychological problems. The participants of the research experienced the following psychological disorders - mood swings, stress, irritability, memory problems and disability to perceive their surroundings properly (p < 0,05). Due to the changing patterns of working time, lots of professionals experienced problems in their social lives, especially in planning their own and their families free time. Conclusions. Working in the field of health care makes use of, or provides service across, all 24 hours of the clock each day of the week and this affects the development of problems of psychological and social adaptation. It was determined that the duration of working hours is greatly related to the adaptation of the changing patterns of working time. Longer working hours make a negative impact on the physical and psychological health, as well as the social activity of health care professionals. The determined correlation between health and the changing patterns of working time shows negative effect on the quality of life of health care professionals. Key words: health care professional, shift work, health disorders.
