Vilniaus bazilijonų vienuolyno vartai

LTLietuvos baroko architektūra studijuota gana plačiai. Daug paminklų atributuota, nustatyta jų chronologija, periodų charakteristikos, sukaupta bei aprašyta daug faktų. Tačiau yra ir mažai ar visai negvildentų problemų. Vienas tokių netyrinėtų vilnietiško vėlyvojo baroko perlų - Jono Kristupo Glaubico sukurti Bazilijonų vienuolyno vaitai. Tai unikalios funkcijos statinys, atspindintis epochos dvasinės kultūros nuostatas, autoriaus intenciją bei jo manierą, kondensuotai pateikiantis regioninio baroko bruožus, kurie kaip tik ir išryškėjo XVIII a. - vėlyvojo baroko architektūroje.

ENThe gates of St.Trinity Church Basilian Cloister in Vilnius built by J.K.Glaubitz in 1761 was a new stage in the development of understanding of ensemble. In the second half of the 18th century the diversity of building types began to grow. Centralized composition of ensemble lost its former importance and the role of self-dependent autonomous constructions increased. The gates of Basilian Cloister are no more the integrated part of ensemble but end in itself building. Therefore composition of faęade of the gates and even their spatial-volu metric structure resembles single-naved churches: mausoleum chapel of Suzin family and the church of St.George in Vilnius. Spatial-volumetric and faęade composition of the gates has no community neither with the representative, triumph or defence gates, nor with the portals of the churches of that period. Moreover, the gates in a festival-ritual life of Basilian monks and nuns who adopted the tradition of Counter-reformation processions from Jezuits played particularly important symbolic role. The influence on the architecture of basilian Cloister gates was made by popular at that time architectural and functional idea of Aušra Gates-chapel. Besides that J.K.Glaubitz treated the gates as a form of interior - altar. Composition, symbolic function and colouring of the altars, designed by J.K.Glaubitz resembles that of the gates.Architecture of the Basilian Cloister gates in general reflects features of the late Vilnius baroque phase. Shapes of the gates were influenced by the 17th century architecture of Rome (F.C.Borromini), 18th century architecture of Bologna (A.Bibie- na), Germany, Saxony. Vertical rhythm of the composition of the Cloister gates resembles towers of the churches built by J.K.Glaubitz. Some forms of the towers were mainly adopted from Italian architecture. Most of the stylistic elements (pediment, bowls etc.) of the gates are the characteristic features of Vilnius late baroque architecture school. Some of the decorative elements (balcony’s metal lattice, pattern archs, usage of orders etc.) attained Vilnius architecture from Czechia, Saxonia and even Eastern countries, however in Vilnius late baroque school they took a peculiar interpretation.