Prieštaringas dešimtmetis
LTPokario metais Vilniaus valstybiniame dailės institute įsteigto Architektūros fakulteto studijų metodika buvo susijusi su to laikotarpio architektūros raida, meninių doktrinų įvairove, stilistikos posūkiais ir prieštaravimais. Lietuvos pokarinėje architektūroje kryžiavosi dvi priešingos kryptys: Nepriklausomos Lietuvos architektūros tradicija ir tuo metu Tarybų Sąjungoje vyravęs oficialusis retrospektyvinės architektūros stilius. Todėl, nagrinėjant architektų rengimo metodikos klausimus, būtina nors iš dalies nušviesti tą sudėtingą laikotarpį ir studijas veikusias įtakas.
ENThe article reports about methodics of preparing architects in Architecture faculty of Vilnius State Art Institute during the first post-war decennium. Studies included two contradictious trends: 1. the tendencies of modern architecture developed in Independent Lithuania and 2. Official retrospective style then prevailed in the Soviet Union. In the architecture of independent Lithuania, related to Ecole de Beaux Arts and its academic style, modernized classical forms predominated. This rationalistic trend was propagated among Kaunas Vytautas the Great University students. During the war and the German occupation Architecture department was headed by J.Kovalskis-Kova (1906-1977). His students S.Ramunis (b. 1916), E.Budreika (b. 1918) and others became founders and professors of the post-war Architecture faculty at the Art Institute, where prolonged modern architecture traditions and earlier student training methods. The retrospective architecture style popular in the post-war Soviet Union broke the natural development of modern architecture in Lithuania. This soviet architecture was propogated in the Art Institute by J.Kumpis-Kumpikevičius (1895-1960) and V.Mikučianis (b. 1913), who came from Leningrad and brought different from the original art views and architecture tradicions with them. In the middle of the 50s Lithuanian architects rejected pompastic forms of retrospective architecture and in a short time declared their own way. The cause was that the Art Institute graduates of the first post-war decennium, thanks to professors, preserved independent Lithuania’s architecture traditions and as the situation changed, proceeded with the new architecture.
