ENThe focus of this paper is the comparison of the some narrative sources and documents on history of the seizure of Vilnius, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, at the middle of the seventeenth century. It happened the eighth of August, 1655. The evidence of contemporaries did not agree on the number of the Muscovite army, the time and the duration of the battle, in search of a guilty of this event. The assessments coincided when they were told about the brutality of Russians and Cossacks and the bulk of the dead merchants, who had tried to cross the stone bridge. They were found out the testimonies about facts of the resale of the trophy things and the cases of altarages of the captured Vilnius' church valuables to Russian monasteries.