Bankų vidinio vertinimo efektyvumo didinimas

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjamas bankų vidinis vertinimas ir jo efektyvumo didinimas. Analizuojant buvo remiamasi kredito reitingo agentūrų ir komercinių bankų patirtimi. Metodikų tyrimas sudarė galimybę nustatyti vertinimo efektyvumo didinimo sritis.

ENArticle deals with the banks' internal valuation efficiency maximization issue. The internal valuation of bank usually concentrates on shareholders' purpose - increasing of profitability and cash flow. Therefore the risk assessment is not performed efficiently. External valuators as credit rating agencies and central banks emphasize the complexity of analysis. It includes the assessment of risk and qualitative aspects as well as profitability and cash flow analysis. So in this case the performance of bank can be monitored and treated correctly, also better management decisions can be done. As the economy is volatile nowadays, it is not correct to pay insufficient attention to risks of loan portfolio quality (non - performing loans), capital adequacy (possibility to absorb losses from bad loans), management qualification (asset - risk management) and other qualitative factors (leadership, track record of management and etc.). These factors play important role in the strategic development of financial institution. Therefore the quality of the banks' assessment is also important to the government, banking supervisors, banks' customers and society. They are interested in safety and profitability of funds invested as well as stable and safe growth of the economy. The theoretical disclosure of methodologies used by internal and external evaluators showed high variety of methods and indicators especially in the field of external valuation. Methods of internal valuation are divided into two groups: methods based on cash flow and methods based on profitability measurement. Methods of external valuation can be specified for assets' quality, capital adequacy, liquidity, profitability, management and other qualitative factors. As external valuation is much wider, the internal valuation should be improved by adding necessary fields of appraisal for creation of effective valuation system.As different indicators may value the same aspects of performance, the practical determination of the most important indicators is needed. Therefore the research of most frequent methods used by internal and external appraisers was performed. The practical research of Lithuanian commercial banks, global credit agencies data and expert's opinion led to finding out the main internal and external indicators. Indicators are both important to valuation as well as to decision making. Nine indicators, such as Total debt / Tangible equity; ROA; ROE; Provisions /Loan portfolio; Non - performing loans / Equity and reserves; Provisions / Non - performing loans; Non - performing loans /Pre - provision income; Additional expenses in income; Deposits were mentioned (usually from commercial banks' reporting and credit rating agencies' articles). The model for selection of the most important indicators was created. This led to finding out the most important indicators using multiple regression model. These indicators are Non - performing loans /Equity and reserves; Non - performing loans /Pre - provision income; Deposits. The multiple regression model showed strong linear dependence among individual credit rating and indicators selected. Finally it could be stated, that the efficiency maximization of bank's internal valuation can be obtained by using methods of credit rating agencies, as the most experienced valuators. The adoption of effective model in practice would lead to better performance, higher credit rating and stable growth of single banks, banking sector as well as the economy of the country.