Ekonominės krizės įtaka Lietuvos pieno pramonės eksportui
LTPasaulio ekonominė krizė neišvengiamai palietė ir Lietuvos ūkį. Straipsnyje nagrinėjami Lietuvos pieno pramonės gamybos ir eksporto pokyčiai veikiami pasaulio ekonominės krizės. Krizės poveikį šalies pieno pramonei sąlygojo tiek bendri makroekonominiai veiksniai, tiek kai kurie specifiniai veiksniai. Straipsnyje analizuojama pieno pramonės dalis ir jos pokyčiai bendroje žemės ūkio produktų gamyboje ir eksporte. Atlikti tyrimai leidžia atskleisti atskirų veiksnių veikusių į pieno produktų gamybos ir eksporto masto sumažėjimą įtaką. Atskleidžiama tokių veiksnių kaip sumažėjusių žaliavinio pieno supirkimo kainų, tiesioginių išmokų už pieno produktus, pabrangusių energetinių išteklių kainų pokyčių, tradicinių eksporto rinkų susitraukimo krizės laikotarpiu įtaka pieno produktų eksporto mastui. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Ekonominė krizė; Pieno pramonė; Pieno produktai; Pieno produktų eksportas; Pieno produktų gamyba; Dairy export; Dairy industry; Dairy produce; Economic crisis; Manufacture of dairy production.
ENThe global economic crisis had an impact on the Lithuanian economy including dairy industry: significantly reduced the production of goods and international trade flows. The main reasons were the decreased domestic market demand, foreign markets shrinking. These are the general macroeconomic reasons. Lithuanian export value has increased at 11,1% in 2007 comparing with 2006, 2008 vs. 2007 - 28,5%, but it has decreased at 26,6% in 2009 vs. 2008. The economy has recovered in 2010 - export value has increased at 33,2%. Over the same period of 2006 - 2010, the Lithuanian dairy export has changed as follows: +35,2%, -3,3%, -14,0% and +26,6%. These data show that dairy industry has better competitive capacity than on the average in the country. During the economic crisis (2008-2009) exports of Lithuanian dairy production have decreased significantly. The main macro-economical and specific factors were: lower prices of raw milk, relatively lower direct payments than in other agriculture sectors. The drought of 2006 has determined such consequences: reduction in dairy herds and higher prices of feed. The feed prices increased due to higher prices of energetic resources. The prices of Lithuanian dairy exports were higher than import prices. The main factor is the commodity structure of dairy production. The major part of Lithuanian dairy product export is cheese, which prices are relatively high and the major part of import is raw and concentrated milk which prices are relatively low. EU is the basic export market of Lithuanian dairy products.About 60% of dairy produce goes for export to EU members. About 30% of dairy produce goes for export to Russia. At the period of economy crisis the export to Russia and Germany has decreased most of all. The Russian high quality requirement for dairy products was the major factor decreasing Lithuanian dairy export. Dairy production export part was one-fifth in the Lithuanian agriculture and food export every year, but this part has decreased during the economic crisis. The authors of this article believe that dairy production weight will increase till quarter and more in the future. One of new proving factor is growing appreciation and the need for natural and organic production. [From the publication]
