SSRS - Vokietijos karas: sovietinės istoriografijos klišės

ENIn this article the author deals only with the historiographical cliches, which are relevant to the Lithuanian history during the USSR - Germany war. In this case the common problems and historiographical cliches related to the Soviet war were not of any interest. Situation in the Soviet Lithuanian war historiography was rather complicated due to the fact that there were some so-called local peculiarities apart from many unpleasant questions common for the Soviet war historiography. Those peculiarities were unpleasant both for the highest nomenclature of Soviet Lithuania and that of Moscow. The Soviet Lithuanian historians had to make the Lithuanian history of war period at least acceptable for their high standing party leaders because it was impossible to make it attractive. To research the wartime history was a clear ideological order. Information on the war period was always very limited from archives. Almost all collections of wartime documents in Lithuania were attributed to the group of secret documents and could be partly obtainable only with a special permission. The information from these documents was mostly used by the Soviet repressive structures. Wartime documents collections were primarily used for Soviet anti-Lithuanian propaganda and the relevant documents were chosen very tendentiously. One of the cliches in the Soviet Lithuanian historiography was the image formation of Lithuanians as murders or at least as active Nazi helpers. Another important cliche - there was one Soviet anti-Nazi guerrilla movement in Lithuania.All the rest (at least four) anti-Nazi movements (independent Lithuanian, Jewish, Polish and proSoviet) were persistently ignored. Lithuanian anti-Nazi movement was simply identified as Nazi-collaboration. Hereby the cliche of widespread existence of Lithuanian „bourgeois nationalists" was being escalated. The most pompous cliche of the Soviet historiography was cliche of liberation of Lithuania. The purpose of this was not only to justify the coming of Red Army to Lithuania, but also to justify the Soviet reoccupation of Lithuania as a condition for a new sovietization of Lithuania. Soviet reoccupation of Lithuania was mixed up with elimination of Nazis in Europe. Historians did not develop all those historiographical cliches. It was the creation of the Communist party ideological machine, matured within the limits accepted by Moscow. Historians had just not to ruin these cliches. Even within these frames Lithuanian historians collected and published plenty of valuable primary empiric information.