Šeiminiuose namuose gyvenančių vaikų įgalinimo procesą lemiantys veiksniai

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Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Žurnalų straipsniai / Journal articles
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Šeiminiuose namuose gyvenančių vaikų įgalinimo procesą lemiantys veiksniai
Alternative Title:
Factors influencing the empowerment of children living in family-based homes
Authors:
In the Journal:
Social inquiry into well-being (Vilnius) Socialinės gerovės tyrimai, 2025, 23, 1, 58-75
Subject terms:
LT
Socialinė pagalba. Globa / Social assistance. Care; Socialiniai darbuotojai / Social workers; Vaikai / Children; Ugdymas. Pedagogika / Education. Pedagogy.
Summary / Abstract:

LTStraipsnio tikslas – atskleisti šeiminiuose namuose gyvenančių vaikų įgalinimo procesą lemiančius veiksnius, remiantis juose dirbančių socialinių darbuotojų patirtimi. Probleminis klausimas: kokie veiksniai lemia veiksmingą vaikų įgalinimą? Tyrimo duomenys surinkti pusiau struktūruoto interviu metodu. Jie apdoroti kokybine turinio analize, išskiriant kategorijas ir subkategorijas, priskiriant patvirtinančiuosius teiginius. Kokybinė turinio analizė atlikta laikantis induktyvios, tyrimo duomenimis grįstos kategorijų ir subkategorijų sudarymo logikos. Gauti tyrimo rezultatai interpretuojami ir analizuojami, o diskusijos dalyje siejami su kitų autorių mokslinėmis įžvalgomis. Tyrimu atskleista, kad šeiminiuose namuose gyvenančių vaikų įgalinimo procesą lemiantys veiksniai yra susiję su vaikais ir socialiniais darbuotojais. Kokybinio tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad veiksmingiausi ųšių vaikų įgalinimo veiksniai yra motyvavimas keltis ateities tikslus ir jų siekti, skatinimas atrasti pomėgių, tobulėti, savivertės kėlimas. Be to, šeiminių namų socialiniams darbuotojams sekasi įgalinti vaikus, kai jie dalijasi su vaikais savo gerąja patirtimi ir taip įgyja vaikų pasitikėjimą, sukuria su jais glaudžius santykius ir puoselėja tarpusavio santykių gerovę. Socialinis darbuotojas šeiminių namų vaikams yra tarsi kelrodis ir teigiamas pavyzdys. Tokia socialinio darbuotojo elgsena padeda įgalinti vaikus – jie pasitiki socialiniu darbuotoju, įsiklauso į jo argumentus.Šeiminiuose namuose gyvenantys vaikai skatinami atrasti save kaip asmenybę, mokytis iš savo patirties, keistis, siekti užsibrėžtų tikslų ir tobulėti. Įgalinimą lemiantys veiksniai – motyvavimas keltis ateities tikslus ir jų siekti, skatinimas atrasti pomėgių, tobulėti ir savivertės kėlimas – turi ypatingą reikšmę vaikų įgalinimo procese, nes padeda įgalinti šeiminiuose namuose gyvenančius vaikus būti savarankiškus, pasiekti teigiamų rezultatų, atrasti pomėgių, tobulėti ir nepasiduoti kilus sunkumų. Reikšminiai žodžiai: įgalinimo procesas, įgalinimo veiksniai, šeiminiai namai, vaikai, socialinis darbuotojas.

ENThe aim of the article is to reveal factors determining the empowerment process of children living in family-based homes, based on the experience of social workers working in familybased homes. Over the last few years, many changes have taken place in Lithuania, which have contributed to the emergence of new forms of assistance for children. In 2014, significant changes started in Lithuania with the deinstitutionalisation of care institutions, following the adoption of the “Action Plan on the Transition from Institutional Care to Family and Community Services for Disabled Persons and Children Without Parental Care for 2014–2020”. The changes in the field of foster care aim to create “family-centred orphanages”, so that what is natural for a child growing up in a family is easily accessible to a child growing up in a foster home. This is emphasised in the Order of the Minister of Social Security and Labour of the Republic of Lithuania approved on 8 December 2020 (2020, p. 2) and in the Law on the Description of the Operation of Community Children’s Homes of the Minister of Social Security and Labour of the Republic of Lithuania (2021, p. 1). As of 2024, the Community orphanages have been renamed to Family-Based Homes (Order No. A1-375 of the Minister of Social Security and Labour of the Republic of Lithuania of 30 May 2024 “On the Amendment of the Order of the Minister of Social Security and Labour of the Republic of Lithuania of 5 April 2006 No. A1-93 “On the Approval of the Catalogue of Social Services” (TAR, 30 May 2024, No. 2024-09754, 2024). Family-based home is a social service institution providing short-term or long-term social care in the community, where up to 8 children live in separate premises (house, flat) in the community, in a family-like environment, and are provided with the necessary services.Children living in nursing homes are one of the most vulnerable and often marginalised groups. One of the most important tasks for social workers in family-based homes is to empower children. For social workers, empowering children living in family-based homes is about having the skills to establish and maintain better relationships with children, to understand their emotions, behaviour, needs, differences and to earn their trust and respect. By empowering children living in family-based homes, the social worker helps them to accept and even improve the changes, and to move forward. Empowerment is thus defined as the ability of individuals, groups and communities to take control of their life circumstances, to exercise power, to achieve their goals, to help themselves and others to maximise their quality of life. Empowerment builds a person’s self-confidence, abilities, potential, and understanding of the importance of actions and decisions that have a positive impact on one’s lives. In other words, empowerment is a purposeful and deliberate action that anticipates and evaluates the whole social system. Therefore, the aim of the family-based homes is to bring about positive changes in the lives of the children living there, which takes place through a process of empowerment that seeks to increase knowledge, build skills, strengthen individual life management, increase self-esteem, and the awareness of oneself and of the factors that act as obstacles to personal development and life management.The object of the study is the factors determining the empowerment process of children living in family-based homes. The aim of the study is to reveal the factors determining the process of empowerment of children living in family-based homes, based on the experience of social workers working in family-based homes. Research question: What are the factors that determine the empowerment of children living in family-based homes? A content analysis research method was applied for the qualitative content data analysis. A criterion sample was used for the participants of the study. They were selected according to the following criteria: 1) social workers working in family-based homes; 2) social workers working in family-based homes with at least two years of experience. The survey was organised in July–October of 2023. The study involved 7 social workers working in family-based homes in different regions of Lithuania. A total of seven interview texts (of social workers working in family-based homes) were analysed. The qualitative content analysis followed an inductive logic of creating categories and subcategories based on the research data. The results obtained were interpreted and analysed, and associated with the scientific insights of other authors in the discussion part. [...] Keywords: empowerment process, empowerment factors, family-based homes, children, social worker.

DOI:
10.13165/SD-25-23-1-03
ISSN:
2783-5502
Subject area:
Edukologija / Education
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https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/27688
Updated:
2026-09-16 20:17:24
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