Šatrijos Raganos Viktutė - moteriška bildungsromano variacija

LTStraipsnyje keliamas klausimas, ar Šatrijos Raganos apysaka Viktutė galėtų būti priskiriama XVIII a. Vokietijoje susiformavusiam bildungsromano žanrui, kurio kanoniniais pavyzdžiais dažniausiai laikomi vyrų kūriniai. Tam, kad būtų galima atsakyti į šį klausimą, aptariamos bildungsromano apibrėžtys, skirtingos šio žanro tyrimų kryptys tiek Vakarų Europoje, tiek Lietuvoje. Siekiant įrodyti Šatrijos Raganos apysakos artimumą bildungsromanui, ryškinami bendri jų bruožai, pasitelkiami kitų XIX a. moterų kūrinių pavyzdžiai. Raktažodžiai: bildungsromanas, Šatrijos Ragana, moterų romanai, Viktorijos laikų literatūra, apysaka Viktutė.

ENThe author of the article poses a question whether the short story “Viktutė” can be considered a bildungsroman. She argues that the most important feature of a bildungsroman is the story of the spiritual and psychological maturation of the hero or heroine. The form of the short story “Viktutė,” a diary, corresponds to the aim of the work and allows focusing on the inner experiences of a woman, presenting the story of her maturity from the perspective of the narrator herself. Although the narrative revolves around the everyday life of a young noblewoman, the reflection of the events and the description of their impact on the young woman’s self-perception and not the events themselves are the most important in this work. The men the young woman meets embody two different life programs, based on positivist and Catholic ideologies. By choosing one of them, the young woman also chooses the direction of her life. The finale of the short story, the planned wedding, can be seen as an acceptance of the existing social order. The protagonist chooses the socially acceptable way of life for a woman, where marriage enables all other public forms of female agency. This finale can be seen as a traditional solution to the question of women’s place in society: marriage is the only way of integrating into the new society. Like other Victorian women’s Bildungsroman novels, “Viktutė” presents those stages of women’s development which represent important steps towards independence, emancipation, and intellectual equality. Viktutė, the heroine of the story, shapes her own image, choosing to describe those events and people to the reader that most help to reveal her personality. The writing of the diary is a sign of a woman’s autonomy, a sign of her ability to reflect on her experience and evaluate it according to her own internal standards.Moreover, the diary, which reveals one woman’s fateful choices—the endorsement of modern Lithuanian national ideology—emerges as a role model worthy of repetition. Keywords: Bildungsroman, Šatrijos Ragana, women’s novels.

• Liaudies rašytoja valstiečiams skaitytojams: Žemaitės ankstyvoji recepcija (1895–1915). Literatūra 2019, 61 (1), 25-60.
• Narrative re-visions of the novel of awakening in: Margaret Atwood's "The Edible Woman" and Renata Serelyte's "Stars of the Ice Age". Literature and Folklore 2005, 681, 100-104.