"Šiluvos Lurdas" : Lurdo (lourdes) grotos Prancūzijoje kopija ar siekinys?

LTXIX a. Prancūzijoje kilęs liaudies pamaldumo apsireiškusiai Lurdo (Lourdes) Marijai fenomenas grotų arba vadinamųjų Lurdų (prancūzų kultūros inovacijos) imitacijomis nuo 1858 m. paplito įvairiose pasaulio šalyse ir prisitaikė prie tautų papročių bei meninės kultūros. Lietuvoje Lurdo grotų statymo, papročių puoselėjimo bei specifinių apeigų atlikimo prie jų idėja pradėta realizuoti 1898 m. Palangoje. Per visą XX amžių Lurdai išplito Lietuvoje. Šio fenomeno simbolis sutinkamas ir Šiluvoje. Šiluva yra viena iš penkių vietų Europoje, kur apsireiškė Švč. Mergelė Marija, ir apsireiškimas oficialiai pripažintas Bažnyčios (1608 metais įvykęs Švč. Mergelės Marijos apsireiškimas, kiek yra žinoma, yra anksčiausias Europoje). Priešais Šiluvos baziliką aikštėje stovinti Švč. Mergelės Marijos statula, liaudies vadinama Šiluvos Lurdu. Straipsnyje norima atskleisti, ar Šiluvos Lurdo Švč. Mergelės Marijos skulptūra yra Lurdo grotos Prancūzijoje kopija ar siekinys. Tuo tikslu nustatytos galimos Šiluvos Lurdo kilmės ištakos; pristatyta pirmtako – Lurdo grotos Prancūzijoje kilmė, bei surinktos medžiagos kontekste palyginta, kas yra bendra tarp Lurdo grotos Prancūzijoje ir Šiluvos Lurdo.Reikšminiai žodžiai: Lurdas; Šiluvos Lurdas; Lourdes Grotto; The Lourdes of Šiluva; Švč. Mergelė Marija; The Lourdes of Šiluva; Our Lady; Statue.

ENStarted in France in the 19th century with a folk devotion to the Apparition of Our Lady at the Grotto of Lourdes, creating grottos as a new phenomenon of French culture from 1858 as a new custom spread all over the world. In Lithuania the building of Lourdes grottos, creating new customs and rituals, started to be realized in 1898 in Palanga. During the 20th century the tradition of Lourdes spread all over Lithuania. We can also see this symbol in Šiluva. A small town of Šiluva is the ethnographic centre of the Lithuanian Catholic Church. Šiluva is famous for its sanctuaries. It is the Basilica of Šiluva where there is a miraculous image of The Blessed Virgin Mary with the Child, the Chapel of Treasures with all the reliquiae, the Chapel of Apparition with the Apparition stone and the altar of Our Lady on it. There are seven Stations of the Sorrowful Mother on the walls. Opposite the Basilica there is the statue of Our Lady, called The Šiluva Lourdes. Šiluva is one of the five places in Europe renowned for the Apparitions of Our Lady, recognized by the officials of the Church. It is the earliest apparition in Europe that happened in 1608. In 2008 the Catholic world commemorated the 400th Anniversary of the Apparition of Our Lady in Šiluva. The commemoration of this event caused the problem of preservation of this religious, spiritual and cultural heritage. One of these objects is The Lourdes of Šiluva. The task of the research is to reveal whether the statue of Our Lady at The Lourdes of Šiluva is a copy of the French Lourdes or whether it is only an objective.The tasks of the research: firstly, to define a possible origin of The Lourdes of Šiluva, secondly, to establish the origin of the French Lourdes, and thirdly, following the given materials, to reveal what is common between the French Lourdes and The Lourdes of Šiluva. The research allows us to make such conclusions: firstly, what consolidates The Lourdes of Šiluva and the French Lourdes Grotto are the Apparitions of Our Lady; secondly, The Lourdes of Šiluva was established on the 50th anniversary of the Apparition of Our Lady in Lourdes Grotto in France in 1908; thirdly, the origin of The Lourdes of Šiluva is associated with a geopolitical event - the tzarist Russia had an intention to build an Orthodox church instead of The Lourdes of Šiluva; fourthly, these two places have a statue devoted to Our Lady; fifth, the statue of Our Lady in The Lourdes of Šiluva is not a copy of the French Lourdes as Immaculate Conception; it is closer to the iconographical type of Our Lady of Miraculous Medal; so, consequently, The Lourdes of Šiluva has nothing in common with the French Lourdes, except the statue of Our Lady. The results of the research lead to an initial premise that The Lourdes of Šiluva is the obelisk of the Catholic Faith in Lithuania and the objective of the French Lourdes Grotto. [From the publication]