Dvarininkų veikla Telšių kultūrinio gyvenimo kontekste (XIX a. pabaigoje-XX a. pirmoje pusėje)

LTStraipsnyje analizuojama Žemaitijos bajorų Leopoldo Anrijausko, Juzefo Perkovskio, Sofijos Lisieckaitės-Plechavičienės kultūrinė veikla Telšiuose tarpukario laikotarpiu, jų profesinis išsilavinimas ir kūrybinis palikimas. Remiantis konkrečiomis personalijomis gvildenama kintanti bajorų luomo padėtis XIX a. pabaigos-XX a. pirmos pusės Lietuvos visuomenėje.

ENArticle discusses the personalities of Samogitian landed artists of different generations: Leopoldas Andrijauskas from the Siraičiai estate (born in 1868), Juzefas Perkovskis, the owner of the Džiuginėnai estate (born in 1896) and Sofija Lisieckaitė-Plechavičienė who was born in the Spygliai estate in 1910 (the distric of Kelmė) and later lived in Telšiai until emigration (presently she lives in the USA). This article aims to show the status of the estates and their landlords at the end o f the 19th century and the 1st half of the 20th century, and to analyze facts to reveal the way in which these professional artists joined the cultural life of Telšiai, and how they adjusted themselves to a new, strongly varied social structure. References are made to the abundant factographical material and sources which have lain unknown to history until now. L. Andrijauskas, J. Perkovskis and S. Lisieckaitė- Plechavičienė were of different generations, though all of them were representatives of the discussed period and related by many spiritual, moral, ethnical and intellectual traits. During their lifetime they paid a great deal of attention to general education and foreign language learning. Traditionally, as landlords, they gave time to the broadening of their minds: they traveled throughout Europe so as to improve their professional skills, spent time amidst the treasures of culture and the greatest museums; they showed interest in the contemporary issues of the world and scientific literature of a historical nature and they nurtured folk traditions, investigated and recorded Samogitian folk art. Hence, their noble origins lent their lives erudition, intelligence, humanism and an understanding of cultural issues.These landed artists approved of the national revival and made efforts to nurture the Lithuanian spirit. They were looking for contact with the intelligentsia of the independent Republic of Lithuania. During the interwar period, landlords of Polish orientation gradually joined the cultural life of Telšiai and the process of educational evolution; they contributed to the development of new relationships in society and the change of ordinary lifestyle and attitudes. The landlords were involved in the implementation of conscious educational activity: they established schools for the hired workers in their estates and later on taught in educational institutions of the Independent Lithuania and were famous for being patrons of culture. They thus entered the new social structure of interwar Lithuania and contributed to the development of new relationships in society and changes in lifestyle and attitudes.