Slucko meninis gyvenimas XVII - XVIII a. ir meninis palikimas

LTStraipsnyje aptariama specifinė Slucko kultūrinio gyvenimo situacija, paaiškinamos gajų stačiatikių Bažnyčios tradicijų šiame regione priežastys, pateikiami duomenys apie kai kuriuos dailininkus ir analizuojami meninio palikimo objektai. Nagrinėjant kūrinius siekiama išryškinti savitus Slucko ikonų tapybos bruožus, atskleisti juose Rytų ir Vakarų Bažnyčios meninės kalbos įtakas. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Sluckas; Olelkaičiai; Radvilos (Radziwill; Radvila family); Ikonų tapyba; Slutsk; Olelkovich; Icon painting.

ENThe article discusses the artistic life of Slutsk; which was one of the regional centers of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania during the Baroque period. The author describes the specifics of Slutsk cultural life, placing emphasis on the circumstances which determined the vital traditions of the Orthodox Church in this region. The peculiar political and religious situation of this region conditioned the formation of an original school of icon painting. Mention is made of Slutsk in manuscripts dated as early as the 12th century. Between the 15th and 16th centuries this city was the center of the patrimonial estate of the Slutsk Dukes Olelkovich, direct descendants of Duke Gediminas. Sophia, the last descendant of the Olelkovich family, brought the possessions of the family as her dowry to the home of the Radziwill branch. In 1612 Janush Radziwill confirmed the will of his wife to keep the profession of the Orthodoxy free within the boundaries of the Duchy of Slutsk. Thus, at the beginning of 17th century a unique religious situation emerged in the broad territory of this Duchy, which covered nearly half of the Novogrudok voivodeship district, with cities such as Slutsk, Kopyl, Starobin and many villages. In the second half of the 18th century, Slutsk was still one of the biggest cities of the GDL and the biggest private city in the country. Facts are presented in this article concerning some of the artists who worked in this city (the oeuvre of Basilii Markianovich is examined in particular). The objects of this artistic heritage are also analyzed in this article. As icons of the 17th and 18th centuries which survived in some churches of the Slutsk, Podlesia and Nesvizh region show, the creative activity of the Slutsk artists surpassed the administrational boundaries of the Slutsk Duchy and involved the neighboring territories as well.The icons of Slutsk are distinguished by their high technical quality, their monumental form and the original manner of their facial depictions, which favor heads of an oval form and dark, slightly oblique protrusive eyes. The ornament of the gilded carved background is also original. The ornament of the Slutsk icons of the 17th century is realized using expressive renaissance drawing techniques and is grounded upon motifs of thick leaves and chunky stripes, which besides possessing a broad contour, are sharpened with a line-drawing that highlights the flexibility of the drawing. The decline of the artistic level and stylistic integrity of the Slutsk icons began only in the 18th century. [From the publication]