Prielaidos socialinei pagalbai teikti alkoholinės priklausomybės situacijoje

LTStraipsnyje pateikiamos tyrimo diagnostinės sritys, išryškinančios priklausomų nuo alkoholio asmenų (PA) motyvaciją blaivybei lemiančius veiksnius (vidinius ir išorinius įgalinančius resursus), įvardijamas psichologinės, socialinės paramos, lygiaverčių, nesmerkiančių santykių su artimiausia socialine terpe ir specialistais poreikis respondentų sveikimo procese. Kokie veiksniai paskatino respondentus nutraukti alkoholio vartojimą? Kaip PA motyvaciją blaivybei veikė visuomenės požiūris? Koks artimiausios aplinkos poveikis PA motyvacijos dinamikai? Šie klausimai sudaro straipsnio apžvelgiamų problemų ratą. Kaip motyvacijos blaivybei atskaitos tašką, galima traktuoti PA įvardytus skaudžiausius jiems praradimus, kurie dažniausiai fokusuojasi ties artimiausio socialinio tinklo praradimu. Svarbų etapą motyvacijos dinamikoje - "praregėjimo" arba vidinio "lūžio" momentą - dauguma sieja su AA grupėje pamatytu blaivybės pavyzdžiu ir noru susitapatinti su ten esančiais, su nebepakeliama, kančia ir bejėgiškumu, kurie verčia ieškoti pagalbos, būtent atsiverti socialiniam tinklui. Abejingumas, pasmerkimas, izoliacija, sveikatos sutrikimai - tai pagrindinės priežastys, atvedančios į krizę – "praregėjimą". Tai kritinis momentas, kada žmogus pradeda ieškoti pagalbos. Atsidūrimas "dugne", "praregėjimas" - "vidinis lūžis", išeities ieškojimas → alkoholizmo akceptacijos momentas yra pagrindiniai vidiniai motyvai nutraukti alkoholio vartojimą. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Alkoholizmas; Anoniminiai Alkoholikai; Akceptacija; Intrapersonalinė įtaka (motyvacija blaivybei); INTERPERSONALINĖ ĮTAKA (VISUOMENĖS POŽIŪRIS); Socialiniai kontaktai.; Alkoholism; Anonymous Alkoholics; Acceptance; Intrapersonal influence; Interpersonal influence; Social contacts.

ENDiagnostic ranges of the reseach are given in this article. They highlight PA motivation for teetotalism determining factors (enabling of internal and external resources); the importance of social interaction in the process of convalescence are named. What factors lead the respondents to stop using alcohol? How do society attitudes influence PA motivation? What is the influence of the closest environment for the dynamics of PA motivation? These questions make up the main problems shown in this article. The objective of the research: to identify the importance of social interaction in the process of convalescence when the experience of depending on alcohol use in persons is revealed. The object of the research: identification of society in the situation of alcohol dependence. The aim of the research: social aid in the process of convalescence for persons depending on alcohol use. Hypothesis of the research: 1. It is likely that teetotalism is determined by the dependence of alcohol using person's inner and outer reserves; 2. It is likely that equivalent social acceptance is a successful reason for convalescence and sustentation of teetotalism. The methodology and methods of the research: the research was done in 2006. Dependent on the use of alcohol persons who took part in the research: 8 members from AA group (5 men, 3 women) from Šiauliai, their sober life term is from 3 to 13 years and 8 members of reinstatement community LPF "Agapao" (8 men), they came to this community from Šiauliai, Klaipėda, Vilnius. Their sober life term is from 2 months to 1 year. The development of alcohol dependence is a very long process in a human's life, so a qualitative research was chosen. It is oriented to the analysis of the process (Ruškus et al., 2005). The basis of the theoretical methodology of the research is analysis of the social construction process.The method of interview in a written form (open type questionnaire) was used. A question was written and some space for an independent answer was left, the respondents' opinion was not limited (Straus, Korbin, 2001, Kvale, 2003). The answers to the questions were analyzed by the method of content analysis. The statements were put into adequate categories and subcategories. Content analysis is the process of computing of facts and results. The facts are given with interpretations and notices. Conclusions: • The main motivation for teetotalism - a PA's most severe loss, in most cases - loss of the closest social relations; the respondents named the loss of the family as one of the biggest traumas and stresses. • An important stage in the dynamics of motivation is the moment of "afflatus" or "the inside break". It is associated with the AA group by the members of AA association. "AGAPAO" BN associates it with heavy pain and disability, which make the influence on search for help, to be open for social relations. Indifference, condemnation, isolation, worsened health are the main causes which lead to crisis, "afflatus". That is a critical moment when a person starts looking for help. The PA's relation with the illness depends on how he/she is informed or motivated. • Sticking in the "bottom", "critical point", "afflatus", "the inside break", search for help are the moments of alcohol acceptance, the PA's main internal reason for stopping use of alcohol. • Research results showed psychological, moral, social help, equivalent relations with the closest, social matrix. Social relations are very important in human's life, AA or cared after people. Further convalescence and integration into life depend on social relations of the dependent on alcohol use. [From the publication]