Kūrybinės industrijos : ženklų gamyba ir vartojimas

LTStraipsnyje pateikiama kūrybinių industrijų analizė politinės ekonomijos, sociologijos ir kultūros teorijose. Siekiama atskleisti kūrybinių industrijų sąsają su procesais, vykstančiais pasaulio ekonomikoje, miesto ekonomikoje ir kultūroje bei kūrybinių industrijų įtaką miesto kultūrinio gyvenimo įvairovei. Taip pat bandoma susieti kūrybinių industrijų reiškinį su poindustrinės vartotojiškos visuomenės ir kultūros atsiradimo ir raidos ypatumais. Teigiama, kad vis didėjantis vartojimo refleksyvumas nurodo, kad vartotojai naudojasi prekėmis kaip ženklais - komunikatoriais, kurie tampa tapatumo ir gyvenimo stiliaus išraiška. Tokiu būdu išryškėja naujosios ekonomikos kultūrinė dimensija. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Naujoji arba simbolinė ekonomika; Informacinės technologijos; Miesto kultūros gamyba; Kūrybinės industrijos; Vartotojiška kultūra; Gyvenimo stilius.; The new or symbolic economy; Information technology; The production of a city culture; Creative industries; The culture of consumerism; Lifestyle.

ENThe article analyses the function of creative industries within sociological, political economy and cultural theories. It looks at the response of creative industries to the dynamics of the world economy and the economy of cities, and also tries to estimate what effect creative industries could have on urban diversity. Creative industries are discussed in the context of the emerging and evolving post-industrial consumer societies. Creative industries constitute a part of the new economy which might be described by new information technology, economic globalization, and the increasing importance of skills and creativity. In sociological terms the new economy is called symbolic in order to emphasize its signifying quality. Nowadays, this symbolic economy of signs prevails over the largest cities and penetrates into all urban spaces. Previously functioning as centres of industrial production, cities have now now began competing in their cultural capital and are becoming the main centers of cultural production and consumption. The beginnings of the symbolic economy in USA are related to gentrification and cultural intermediaries, who are the producers of symbolic commodities within the service sector. This new middle class is distinguished by its post-modern attitude towards consumption, which emphasizes meanings and interpretation over the other aspects of consumption. According to J. Baudrillard, the initial value of a commodity is replaced by it's exchange value, which turns a commodity into a sign. Advertising and item displays in shopping centre fantasy worlds reproduce this commodity-sign logic, indicating a transition towards a post-modern consumer culture in which art defeats reality. Creative industries are related to the circulation of mediated culture, which - by using cultural codes, signs and meanings - provides unlimited possibilities for creating new cultural lifestyles.The multiplication of new subcultures concurs with the formation of creative industries. One possible reason for the constantly emerging niches in the cultural market is post-industrial social fragmentation. The latter could be defined by the prevailing sharp sub-cultural demarcations, as well as the increasing withdrawal into a world generated by one certain culture exclusively. In Lithuania there is an increasing belief that creative industries are the regenerative means for cities and regions. Alongside the development of these creative industries, Lithuanian society currently displays features of the formation of a consumer society, becoming a part of the new symbolic economy, while stimulating it at the same time. [From the publication]

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