Metodologinio individualizmo problema Thomo Hobbeso socialinėje teorijoje

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Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Straipsnis / Article
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Metodologinio individualizmo problema Thomo Hobbeso socialinėje teorijoje
In the Journal:
Politologija. 2007, Nr. 2 (46), p. 3-37
Keywords:
LT
Filosofija / Philosophy.
Summary / Abstract:

LTŠio straipsnio tikslas - kritiškai panagrinėti anglų filosofo Thomo Hobbeso socialinės ir politinės teorijos idėjas, problemas, sąvokas ir pažinimo principus, išdėstytus pagrindiniame jo veikale Leviatanas. Straipsnyje teigiama, kad Hobbesas, nagrinėdamas sociologinį santykį tarp privalėjimo ir laisvės, svarstydamas civilizuoto žmogaus ir civilizacinių sąlygų tapsmą, žmonių aistrų, pilietiškumo, moralės ir galios veiksnių sąveiką, susiduria su metodologine - individualizmo ir holizmo santykio - dilema. Nors politinė, arba įsteigtoji, valstybė yra nuoseklaus Hobbeso samprotavimo, kuris remiasi metodologinio individualizmo principais, rezultatas, jo socialinės teorijos prielaidos ir kai kurios politinės teorijos išvados prieštarauja vienos kitoms. Todėl Hobbeso apibrėžimai nagrinėjami atsižvelgiant į skirtingas interpretavimo galimybes. [Iš leidinio]

ENThomas Hobbes’s Leviathan is widely recognized as one of the great works of political philosophy. The aim of the article is to identify and critically assess the key concepts, ideas and the epistemological principles of Thomas Hobbes’, as a theorist of modern state who conceptually grasped the nature of the political. The article discusses the relevance of Hobbes social theory for contemporary debates. Some arguments are developed against the interpretations of Hobbes, as a backward-looking author. The relation between the ideological and scientific aspects of Hobbes’ work is analyzed shortly by focusing on the critical, skeptical and conceptual thought of the Leviathan. The article focuses on the concept of “social order”. Social order, or social structure, has always been one of the central concepts in classical and contemporary sociological thought. The concept of social order points to a different articulation of the macro- and microelements of social life. The problem of order refers to a set of broad issues addressed by theoreticians in their work concerning what makes society possible. Having reviewed the history of the two essential types of structural models, the article explores the construction of Hobbesian twofold model of conflictual social order. To Hobbes, power is precondition of social order which he believed grew out of “natural law” rather than unrealistic “the war of all against all”. The article goes on to show how the conceptual framework of Hobbes’ can be more fruitfully pursued by specifying the two additional types of the “state of nature”.The article analyzes the relation between Hobbes’ epistemology and his political theory. A commonwealth established by the mutual agreement of individuals in the Hobbesian social theory is essentially a thought experiment. Aspects of the relationship between Hobbes’ method of discursive demonstration and that of his principles of nominalistic epistemology, empiricism, and methodological individualism are analyzed in the context of Hobbes’ discussion of the constitution of commonwealth. The article re-examines Hobbes’ concept of social organization through a close textual analysis. In light of the methodological concerns, the article attempts to provide an understanding of various conceptual connections in Hobbes’ work Leviathan between the human passions, liberty, social contract, obligation, morality, and power. The article argues that the most crucial aspects of Hobbes’ analysis rest not in the ‘political story’ he tells about the necessity of powerful authority, but in threefold sociological conception of power. It is essential for Hobbes to demonstrate that power consist of legitimate power, authorized force and social authority. This part focuses on the evolution of the concept of obligation in the work of Thomas Hobbes. He uses the “state of nature” and the “state of contract” as the devices for demonstrating the institutionalization of relation between the right and the law.The paper also touches on the problem of the radical nominalism. Given the emphasis on the individual, Hobbes faces the dilemma between methodological individualism and methodological holism. Some of the corollaries of his political theory, including the organicistic metaphor of “society as mortal God”, are inconsistent with the main body of Hobbes’ theoretical thought. The article concludes by arguing that the controversial concepts of Hobbes’ social theory force us to assess them in light of the different interpretative possibilities. [From the publication]

ISSN:
1392-1681; 2424-6034
Related Publications:
Sociologijos istorija : teorinės idėjos, problemos ir sąvokos. T. 1, Sociologijos filosofija / Algimantas Valantiejus. Vilnius : Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, 2007. 932 p.
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2018-12-17 11:58:31
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