Eglutės ir svastikos ornamentų simbolika Lietuvoje
LTJuostų ornamento simbolika paprastai interpretuojama dviem būdais. Pirmuoju, nemoksliniu - į ženklus žiūrima kaip į slaptos kosminės informacijos kodą, kurį suprato tik žyniai, ornamentai aiškinami intuityviai, pasikliaujant nuojauta ar aiškiaregyste. Antruoju moksliniu būdu siaurai tyrinėjama, kieno ideograma galėjo būti aptariamasis ženklas - remiamasi analogijomis, kurių semantika žinoma arba numanoma. Šiame straipsnyje eisime platesniu keliu - hipotetinę ornamento reikšmę atskleisime žiūrėdami į jį, kaip į organšką visos sinkretinės lietuvių etnokultūros dalį. Šiuo atveju kultūrinis kontekstas (kalba, papročiai, folkloras, mitologija) padeda suprasti ženklo reikšmę iš vienos pusės, o iš kitos - rašto prasmė leidžia nauju kampu pažvelgti į visą mitologinį etninės kultūros pamatą, betarpiškai atsekti jos sinkretinį pobūdį. [p. 56].
ENThe hypothetical meaning of the herring-bone and swastical ornamentation in Lithuania is being revealed in the article. This is done having in view the ideograms as the organic part of the whole syncretic folk culture. The cultural context (the language, customs, folklore, mythology) helps to understand the meaning of the sign, which in its turn enables us to look at the mythological base of the Lithuanian folk culture in a new light and to see its syncretic character in the concrete facts. „The herring-bone ornament in Lithuania is called "broom“ and in Latvia „a broom of Laima“. Was the herring-bone design to Lithuanians a symbol of Laima - the goddess of destiny, happiness and fertility, too? What deities were linked with the brooms and fir-trees? (Incidentally the herring-bone design in Lithuanian is called „eglute“ - „a fir-tree“). Obviously in ancient times Lithuanians linked fir-trees with Laume (witch, nymph). However, many facts witness that Laima and Laume were confused and even identified with each other. This means that they are close deities. For example, Latvians link „a broom“ with Laima and not Laume as Lithuanians do. The similarity between Laima aad Laume may be explained by the hypothetical arriving of Laima, Laume and Giltine (Skeleton with a scythe) from one original deity. Therefore the „herring-bone" design could be a symbol of the goddes of happiness to Lthuanians, too. The ornament of swastika is widespread in Latvian and Lithuanian folk art, although half-swastika ornaments are popular in Lithuanians.Other nations link swastika with the sun, fire and celestial deities. The name of swastika did not remain in the Lithuanian language; but Old Prussians worshiped the god of the sun and light - Svaikstikas. The word “vaistyti“ in Lithuanian means „to give light“, “veistybe“ - spiritual purity, “vaistykle“ - the light - Svaikstikas. The word ”vaistyti“ in Lithuanian means purgatory, and so on. . In Komi textiles the ornament of swastika is often the symbol of „antlers and the sun“. In Lithuanian folk culture the deer is linked also with the solar deities. The research work shows that swastika for Lithuanians as well as many other nations was the symbol of the sun and other celestial phenomena.
