Lietuvių kalbos ypatybės turėtojų pavadinimų su priesaga "*-no-" darybos raida

LT§ 1. Būdvardžių su priesaga *-no- substantyvizacijos ir jų virtimo ypatybės turėtojų pavadinimais (nomina attributiva, toliau - NAttr) procesas prasidėjo gerokai anksčiau negu būdvardžių su *-io- (plg. aut. 1997). Iš *-no- išsirutuliojo apie 40 priesagų, su kuriomis lietuvių kalboje daromi ypatybės turėtojų pavadinimai. Iš jų ypač dari yra priesaga -inis(-ė). [Iš teksto, p. 148].

ENThere are about 20 suffixes of nomina attributiva, originated from Indo-European adjective suffix *-no-, in Lithuanian. The process of substantivization of adjectives on *-no- is very old. Some social terms on *-no- with the meaning "master, lord, leader" must have been already used in Late Indo-European, cf. Balt. Perkūnas "the god of thunder", Lat. tribūnus "lord of district" and Lat. dominus "master, lord", Goth. [ﬤiudans "king". The derivative type of nomina attributiva on *-d-no-, which became very productive in Lithuanian, was formed in the Baltic languages on the basis of such terms. The suffixes *-ā-no- (cf. Lith. dirvónas, Latv. druvāns "longfallow land", OLith. kiemionas "countryman" and OSlav. brotanú "nephew", Lat. Romānus "Roman") and *-ei-no- (cf. Lith. žvėríena and Slav. *zvĕrina, Lat. ferīna "game") was used to form nomina attrributiva in Baltic, Slavic and Italic languages. Baltic nomina attributiva on *-ī-no- also have aquivalents in other related languages, cf. Lith. kaimýnas "neighbour", OPr. acc. sing. kaimīnan (Nachbar) III 69 and Lat. vīcīnus "neighbouring; neighbour", OSlav. sĕminú "domestic; slave". The other Baltic suffixes, originated from *-no-, were introduced into the derivative category of nomina attributiva later. Derivatives on *-inio- are very productive in Lithuanian and much rarer in Latvian and Old Prussian, cf. Lith. káiminis/kaimìnis (-ė) "countryman" and Latv. kaiminš "neighbour", Lith. šóninė and OPr. grawyne (Tuncbret) E 304. In the West Baltic languages the suffix *-ingo- was widely used to form nomina attributiva, cf. OPr. ragingis (Hircz) E 65, naunīngs (Newling) III 87. The productivity of corresponding derivatives on -ing in the Germanic languages (cf. OHG mahting "strong man") can be the result of the influence of the West Baltic languages.