Dominikonų bažnyčios ir vienuolyno Trakuose statybos raida, rekonstrukcijos ir tvarkyba

LTTrakų pusiasalio pilies liekanų ir kitų statinių komplekso Dominikonų vienuolyno pastatas (unikalus objekto kodas Kultūros vertybių registre 22720) priklauso tai kultūros paveldo objektų grupei, kuri saugoma ir išskiriama ne tiek dėl didelės reikšmės Lietuvos istorijai ar tobulos architektūros, o kaip įdomus, savitas reiškinys, įaugęs į kitą svarbų kultūros paminklą. Tai monumentaliu tūriu išsiskiriantys statiniai pačiame Trakų miesto centre, pusiasalio pilies vakarinėje dalyje. Dominikonų vienuolyno statinyje išliko daugelio etapų pastatai ir jų dalys, dalinai sunykę, apgriauti, nebaigti statyti ar užbaigti kukliomis lėšomis. Pastatą sudaro du lygiagretūs, dvišlaičiais stogais dengti dviaukščiai korpusai, nebaigtos statyti bažnyčios bokštų liekanos su varpine, vartai. Straipsnyje glaustai pateikiama vienuolyno statybos istorija pagal istorinius šaltinius, minimus architekto Stanislovo Mikulionio ir istoriko Algirdo Baliulio parengtose apybraižose, toliau aprašoma archeologinių, architektūrinių ir polichromijos tyrimų metu atskleista statybos raida. Daugiausia dėmesio skiriama nebaigtos statyti bažnyčios architektūrai, nes tai iki šiol mažiausiai nagrinėtas komplekso raidos etapas. Paskutinėje straipsnio dalyje aprašomi vienuolyno tvarkybos darbai, atlikti 1970-2012 metais. Reikšminiai žodžiai: dominikonų vienuolynas, pusiasalio pilis, bažnyčia, taikomieji moksliniai tyrimai, restauravimas, tvarkybos darbai.

ENThe building of the Dominican monastery complex of Trakai peninsula castle remains and other buildings (unique object code in the Register of Cultural Heritage 22720) belongs to the group of cultural heritage objects, which is protected and distinguished not so much for its significance to Lithuanian history or perfect architecture, but more for being an interesting, peculiar phenomenon, grown into another important cultural monument. These are buildings distinguished for their monumental volume in the very center of Trakai, in the western part of the peninsula castle. In the building of the Dominican monastery, the buildings of many stages and their parts have survived, partially demolished, destroyed, unfinished or completed with modest funds. Applied research commissioned by the Trakai History Museum in 1986-89 revealed the development of the construction of this building and new valuable features. Archaeological, engineering-geological research and architectural research confirmed the facts of historical sources. The structure of the plan of the Dominican church, which was started to be built in 1779, and the planned forms of architectural decor were clarified. It was established that during the construction of the church large earthwork was being carried out and the buildings of the 15th century built defense castle were apparently demolished. Only a few fragments of masonry have remained. Investigations revealed what work was done in the beginning of the 19th century to convert the church masonry to the monastery.During the research of polychromy, the interior decor of the beginning of the 19th century was revealed - painted altars and decorative frieze in the chapel, a unique decoration of the ceiling and walls in the monastery cells. The research was an important material in the preparation of management and adaptation projects. The maintenance work on the Dominican building was being carried out with long breaks. It was started in the 6th decade of the 20th century by architects B. Krūminis and S. Mikulionis, and completed in 2012 by the group of architects of State Enterprise “Lietuvos paminklai”, (eng. “Lithuanian monuments”) led by the author of this article. The premises of the monastery and the chapel have been restored, the disintegrated parts have been restored, the painting decor, the church towers and the basement rooms have been restored and adjusted for the visitors of the Trakai History Museum.