Socialinės medijos aukštajame moksle: studentų palankumas socialinių medijų naudojimui

LTŠvietimo kontekste socialinių medijų kaip naujųjų technologijų vertinimo klausimas mokymo ar mokymosi aplinkoje yra aktualus kaip mokymo(si) proceso tobulinimo prielaida. Šio tyrimo tikslas yra ištirti veiksnius, lemiančius studentų palankumą socialinėms medijoms, kitaip sakant, socialinių medijų priėmimą ir jų naudojimą aukštojo mokslo studijose ir mokymo / mokymosi procese. Tyrime buvo siekta ištirti, kokiu lygiu studentai priima socialines medijas, kaip jas vertina mokymosi aplinkoje, ar yra ryšys tarp elgesio intencionalumo ir medijų naudojimo, kaip demografiniai studentų veiksniai veikia socialinių medijų priėmimą. Konstruojant šio tyrimo modelį teoriniu pagrindu buvo pasirinktas UTAUT modelis. Tačiau remiantis realiomis tyrimo aplinkybėmis ir teorinėmis kitų autorių įžvalgomis UTAUT modelis buvo šiek tiek modifikuotas. Daugialypė regresinė analizė atskleidė statistikai reikšmingus ryšius tarp elgesio intencionalumo ir panaudojimo galimybių, požiūrio į socialines medijas ir rezultatų įrodomumo. Didžiausią įtaką daro požiūris į socialines medijas. Kiti du svarbūs elementai yra rezultatų įrodomumas ir panaudojimo galimybės. Tiesinė regresija taip pat rodo, kad tarp elgesio intencionalumo ir socialinių medijų naudojimo egzistuoja statistiškai reikšmingas vidutinio stiprumo ryšys. Kalbant apie demografinius faktorius, taikant Stjudento t kriterijų nustatyta, kad vaikinų ir merginų požiūris nesiskiria aritmetiškai ir nėra statistiškai reikšmingų požiūrio skirtumų.Tyrimas atliktas su išlygomis pirmiausia atsisakius naudojimo savanoriškumo / privalėjimo faktoriaus, kadangi socialinių medijų naudojimas nėra privalomas Lietuvos aukštojo mokslo įstaigose. Tyrimui pasitelkta netikimybinė patogioji imtis, kadangi tyrimas yra žvalgomojo pobūdžio. Tolimesniuose tyrimuose imtis turėtų tiksliau atspindėti generalinę aibę. Taip pat reikėtų tobulinti teorinį modelį. Reikšminiai žodžiai: elgesio intencionalumas, panaudojimo galimybės, socialinės medijos, socialinių medijų priėmimas, aukštojo mokslo studijos, mokymo / mokymosi procesas.

EN[...] Students’ acceptance and use of social media was analysed in this study. Students of two universities were interviewed: Mykolas Romeris University and Vytautas Magnus University. The research was exploratory in nature; therefore, non-probability convenience and purposive sampling was used, as the selected student groups were the groups that were taught using social media. The return rate of the questionnaires was high, at 94%, as teachers were personally approached and asked to distribute the questionnaire to the students they teach. The questionnaire was compiled in an effort to adhere to the principle of friendliness to the respondent: the statements of the questionnaire were formulated based on the principle of positive sentences. Where sensitive questions had to be asked, for example about loneliness, the formulated statements related to a neutral frequency factor and not to personal characteristics. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were used for data analysis to determine the internal reliability of the questionnaire. Factor analysis was used to check the factor arrangement of the theoretical construct. Linear regression analysis helped to clarify the answer to the research question: Is there a relationship between behaviour intentionality and use? This showed a statistically significant relationship of moderate strength. We also tested the relationship of behavioural intentionality with other parts of the theoretical construct using multiple linear regression.Using a two-factor analysis of variance, we analysed how frequency and time of social media use are related to the assessment of acquired skills. Using the Student’s t-test, we tested how demographic factors such as gender affect the acceptance of social media. After validation of the theoretical model with the help of factor analysis, a small scattering of the results was observed, which can be explained by the correlation of some theoretical factors and the extension of the UTAUT model by additional constructs. It should also be taken into account that the empirical validation of the UTAUT model was carried out in business organizations where the use of technology was institutionalized as mandatory, whereas this study was conducted in higher education institutions where the use of social media is not mandatory. Multiple regression analysis revealed statistically significant relationships between behavioural intentionality and usability, attitudes toward social media, and provability of results. Attitude towards social media had the greatest influence on students’ acceptance of social media, and the other important impactful elements were provability of results and usability. Linear regression also showed that there was a statistically significant medium strength relation between social media use and behavioural intention.Regarding demographic factors, applying the Student’s t criterion, it was found that the attitudes of young males and females did not differ arithmetically and there were no statistically significant differences in attitudes. This result can be explained by the fact that cultural factors may influence attitudes towards social media, while gender may not demonstrate such an effect. The limitations of the study include the lack of the voluntary/obligatory factor of use, as the use of social media is not mandatory in Lithuanian higher education institutions, and the use of a nonprobabilistic availability sample for the study because of the exploratory nature of the research. In further research, the sample should be organized to reflect the general population more accurately and the theoretical model should also be improved. Keywords: behaviour intentionality, performance expectancy, social media, social media acceptance, higher education studies, teaching/learning process.