The Baltic model of civic-patriotic history
ENThe transition away from communist rule “no longer represents the dominant political paradigm in Eastern Europe,” according to Krawatzek and Soroka. Instead, they associate the recent rise of illiberal nationalism, nativist populism, and a backlash against the project of European integration with the “framing of present-day political debates through recourse to contentious historical narratives” rooted in the experience of the Second World War. As far as the Baltic States are concerned, this proposition needs to be refined. The framing of politics by contested history is neither new in this region, nor should it be associated primarily with the rise of populism. Rather, it lay at the core of the restoration of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania as independent and democratic states three decades ago. “Arguably more than in other former communist countries,” Eva-Clarita Pettai writes, “the democratic revolutions in the Baltic countries were as much about re-conquering the country’s history as they were about securing an independent and democratic future.”. [Extract, p. 264]
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