Pacientų, sergančių II tipo cukriniu diabetu, gyvenimo kokybės vertinimas

LTCukrinis diabetas – aktuali visuomenės ir sveikatos priežiūros problema. 2016 m. Pasaulio sveikatos organizacija ypatingą dėmesį skiria vienam aktualiausių susirgimų pasaulyje – cukriniam diabetui. Pagrindinis šių metų Pasaulio sveikatos tikslas – stiprinti diabeto prevenciją bei sergančiųjų priežiūros prieinamumą. Lietuvos sveikatos 2014-2025 m. programos 2 punkte teigiama, kad, siekiant Europos Komisijos 2010 m. kovo 3 d. komunikato „Europa 2020. Pažangaus, tvaraus ir integracinio augimo strategija“ tikslų, šalies gyventojų sveikatos išsaugojimui ir stiprinimui turi būti skiriamas ypatingas dėmesys. Sveikatos programos tikslas – formuoti sveiką gyvenseną ir jos kultūrą, užtikrinti kokybiškesnę ir efektyvesnę sveikatos priežiūrą, orientuotą į gyventojų poreikius [4]. Cukrinis diabetas – tai lėtinė, neinfekcinė liga, veikianti įvairius žmogaus gyvenimo aspektus, kurie svarbūs bendrai gyvenimo kokybei. II tipo cukrinis diabetas yra labiausiai paplitusi diabeto forma, apibūdinama insulino hipersekrecija, atsparumu (rezistentiškumu) insulinui. Daugeliui nepakeliama problema gali tapti būtinybė nuolat rūpintis savimi (reguliari glikemijos kontrolė, mitybos režimas, vaistai), lėtinės ligos sukeltos komplikacijos, trumpalaikės dekompensacijos, įvairios gydymo sukeltos problemos, socialinės adaptacijos sutrikimai. Gyvenimo kokybė tiesiogiai susijusi su asmens fizine sveikata, psichologine būkle, nepriklausomybės suvokimu, socialiniais ryšiais. Tai, kaip sergantysis suvokia ligą, turi tiesioginę įtaką lėtinėmis ligomis sergančių asmenų gydymo rekomendacijų laikymuisi. Reikšminiai žodžiai: II tipo cukrinis diabetas, pacientas, gyvenimo kokybė, slauga.

ENDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a relevant public and health care problem. In 2016 the World Health Organization pays a special attention to diabetes mellitus, i.e. one of the most relevant diseases in the world. While strenghtening of diabetes prevention and availability of the patients care is seen as the main goal of the World Health Organization in this year. It is stated in the clause 2 of the Lithuanian Health Programme 2014-2025 that when achieving the goals of the Communication from the European Commission. “Europe 2020. A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth“ dated on the 3rd of March 2010, a special attention should be paid to preservation and strengthening of health of the country‘s population. The programme‘s goal: to model a healthy lifestyle and its culture; to ensure a more efficient and better quality health care that is oriented to the population‘s needs. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, operating in the various aspects of life that are important to the overall quality of human life. The type II diabetes ist the most common form of diabetes, characterised by insulin, resistance to hypersecretion (resistance) to insulin. The need to keep taking care of yourself (regular glycemic control, dietary treatment, medications), chronic complications, variours problems caused by treatment, the social adaptation disorders, may become an in tolerable problem for many people. Quality of life is affected by an individual's physical health, psychological condition, the perception of independence, social relationships, and environment. The perception of the disease is one of the most important factors associated with cgronic diseases ant with the compliance of treatment recommedations. The research object - the quality of life of patients with type II diabetes. The aim - the assessment of the quality of life of patients with type II diabetes.The objectives: the assessment of the quality of life of patients with type II diabetes, taking into consideration the gender expertise, age and body mass index; assessment of the quality of life of patients with type II diabetes, taking into consideration social factors; comparison of disparities in the quality of life of patients with type II diabetes, taking into account the complications of diabetes. The final work methods: For the quantitative analysis a questionnaire-based survey is selected. It is dedicated to patients with type II diabetes of Vilnius City Clinical Hospital. For conducted the analysis of the quantitative data has been done. The resultats of the research: The assessments between the sexes has a statistically significant difference, the assessment of men on avearge is in 1.05 ratings higher than of women. Respondents having a lower educational attainment, rated their health higher mark than those having college degrees. This difference is statistically significant (p=0,038). Respondents evaluated their current health, comparing with the previous one year 0,77 rate is higher of those whose degree of education was lower (secondary on incomplete secondary). The score of people who did not have any health complications, in comparison with the previous one year was 0,89 higher than of those who have suffered from complications (p=0,019). During the investigation it was found out that the damage to the nervous system complications most commonly affects the daily activities of life of patients with type II diabetes. Among those people who have difficulties an work due to emotional problems the greater part of it was for those who had a damage of nervous system (p>0,05). Key words: II type diabetes, patients, quality of life, nurse.