Pacų didybės likučiai Jiezne

LTDidikų Pacų giminės šaknys istorikų randamos senuosiuose istorijos šaltiniuose. Pacų giminės pradininkas Kimantas (Kymunt) pirmą kartą minimas 1388 m. Vytauto privilegijoje. Netoli Gardino stovėjęs jo dvaras nurodytas kryžiuočių kelių aprašuose ir pavadintas „Kymundsdorf“. Kimantą giminės pradininku laikė ir Pacas Daukšaitis. 1434 m. Gardino sutartyje esančiame antspaude nurodytas senelio vardas. Kimanto sūnus Daukša Kimantaitis kartu su tėvu liudijo 1401 m. Vilniaus sutartyje. XV a. pabaigoje karjeros laiptais sparčiai kylantiems Pacams (jau Paco Daukšaičio sūnus Jurgis tapo valdovo maršalka) Lietuvoje nebuvo lygių. Tokia pat galinga buvo tik Sapiegų giminė, prieš kurią Pacai pradėjo aktyviai kovoti, subūrę Valkininkų konfederaciją (1700 m.) ir joje su kitų galingų didikų giminių atstovais sutriuškinę Sapiegas. Reformacijos Lietuvoje metu svarbiausi giminės atstovai perėjo į kalvinizmą ir tik vėliau, XVII a. pradžioje, grįžo į katalikybę. Pacai ėmė kildinti save iš romėnų ir giminiuotis su florentietiška Pazzi gimine. Pacų giminės atstovai LDK užėmė aukštas pareigas, dalyvavo svarbiausiuose istoriniuose įvykiuose. Griūvant Abiejų Tautų Respublikai, Pacai aktyviai dalyvavo sukilimuose [p. 7-8].

ENThe city of Jieznas is located by the road Druskininkai - Kaunas through Rumšiškės. Jieznas was granted city rights on December 28 in 1956. The city’s coat of arms was approved on May 29 in 2002 (the author: artist Arvydas Každailis). Vytautas Gusas, a Jieznas resident, persistently researches and is interested in what is left of the greatness of the Counts Pacai. The possessions of the noble Pacai in the Jieznas region were called the Pacai Jieznas County. The roots of the Pacai family are found by the historians quite deeply in the yearbooks of history, their representatives held very high positions in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and participated in the most important historical events. The manor of Jieznas was acquired in 1633 by Steponas Pacas, the Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, who started to build his family’s residence in Jieznas. The palace complex consisted of 7 buildings: 6 two-storey buildings on the sides and 1 three-storey building in the centre. The towers stood in its corners. Light entered the palace through 365 windows, guests could enter the palace through 12 gates, and the rooms were connected by 52 doors - as many as there are weeks in a year. At the beginning of the 19th century, the palace was inherited by Liudvikas Mykolas Pacas. The count, who was actively involved in the uprising in 1831, had to flee Lithuania after the uprising was suppressed. Leaving Jieznas manor, palace in Vilnius and other assets in Lithuania. Liudvikas Mykolas Pacas settled in France. In 1837, the palace of Lithuanian nobles Pacai was destroyed by fire in Jieznas. After this, many buildings collapsed, and later the locals took away what was still left of the interior of the once luxurious palace, and finally they took away the bricks.No more detailed archaeological excavations have been carried out in the territory of Jieznas palace, and some historical sources have not survived. Vytautas Gusas bought the surviving building of the Pacai palace in 2004. According to the heritage conservationists, it is a former outbuilding. The building has three floors. The third floor was built in Soviet times, each floor is 160 square meters. The thickness of the walls on the first floor is 1.2 m, on the second floor - 1.04 m. The internal space is further increased by 3 m height of the walls, on the second floor the height of the walls is 4 m. During the Soviet years, the engine turning workshop of Kaunas factory „Apvija“ operated there. From 1909 to 1941 there was a mill which was established by the manor lord Kvinta during the tsarist occupation. V. Gusas, a resident of Jieznas, founded the museum of Pacai Jieznas Palace of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in his purchased building. A very hard-working, meticulous and curious man collected various photographs of the portraits of the counts and placed them on wooden stands made with his own hands. He delved into the content of encyclopaedias and architectural publications, measured according to the remaining foundations and created a model of the Pacai palace. The hall on the first floor of the building is a real museum hall. It only remains to be marvelled at such a voluntary commitment of the common man to the preservation of the heritage of the historic land.