Patrauklus darbdavys: IT sektoriaus darbuotojų požiūrio Lietuvos tyrimas

LTPatrauklus darbdavys, kaip tyrimų objektas, tiek teoriniu, tiek praktiniu lygmenimis aktualus jau keletą dešimtmečių, tačiau vis dar išlieka svarbi problema, kurie darbdavio patrauklumo bruožai yra svarbiausi konkrečių profesijų darbuotojams skirtingose šalyse. Šiame straipsnyje pristatomas informacinių technologijų srityje dirbančių specialistų požiūrio į darbdavio patrauklumą empirinis tyrimas. Remiantis 344 respondentų anketinės apklausos duomenimis, atlikta patrauklaus darbdavio bruožų statistinė analizė leido nustatyti IT specialistams Lietuvoje labai svarbius, vidutiniškai svarbius ir mažai svarbius darbdavio patrauklumo bruožus. Tokio pobūdžio tyrimas leidžia atskleisti IT organizacijų bruožus, kuriems darbdaviai turėtų skirti daugiausia dėmesio, pastangų ir finansinių lėšų, siekdami didinti savo, kaip darbdavio, patrauklumą esamiems bei potencialiems darbuotojams. PAGRINDINIAI ŽODŽIAI: patrauklus darbdavys, patrauklaus darbdavio bruožai, darbuotojų lūkesčiai, informacinių technologijų sektorius. [Iš leidinio]

EN[...] The object of the research: features of an employer’s attractiveness in the Lithuanian IT sector. The aim of the research: to reveal the most important features of an attractive employer to IT specialists in Lithuania. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, questionnaire survey, analysis of survey data using the SPSS statistical program. To conduct research into an attractive employer in Lithuania, a research instrument based on international and Lithuanian research practice was developed. The analysis of scientific literature, portals and companies organising research on employer attractiveness allowed us to single out 89 criteria for evaluating an attractive employer. As a result of a pilot study, the number of criteria for an attractive employer was reduced to 30 questions in the questionnaire. A quantitative survey (a questionnaire) was conducted in September and October 2020, and a random sample was selected for the survey. The survey was conducted online by posting a questionnaire in Google docs form, sending e-mails directly to IT professionals only in companies in the sector. Based on data from the Lithuanian Department of Statistics, a survey sample was calculated (N = 344 respondents), guaranteeing that the error of the survey results will not exceed 5%. A range of intervals was used for quantitative research responses: the employer’s attractiveness was assessed from 1 to 10, where 1 meant not important at all, and 10 meant it is very important that a certain feature reflects the employer’s attractiveness. An analysis of the survey of information technology employees was performed based on the SPSS statistical program. According to non-parametric data processing criteria and the average ranks used for the calculation, all the traits examined were prioritised as very important, moderately important, and insignificant traits of an attractive employer.The results showed the following important priorities for IT staff: Salaries that meet expectations are the most important feature that determines an employer’s attractiveness in the labour market; it is more important to get an attractive salary than salary supplements or other fringe benefits. Traits that form good feeling are fundamental, such as a good work atmosphere, good relations with managers and colleagues; and these are more relevant for employees than a well-equipped workplace or work with technical innovations. Opportunities for interesting work, the improvement of professional knowledge, personal development and the realisation of personal potential are important, and it is more relevant for employees than opportunities to make decisions independently or to participate in the company’s decision making. The ability to reconcile work and private life is very important, and is more relevant than working on a flexible schedule or the opportunity to work from home or close to home. The possibility of long-term employment is important, and it is more relevant than the possibility of being promoted or changing direction. The following features of employer attractiveness are of little relevance to IT specialists: the popularity of the organisation in social networks; the internationality of the organisation; the organisation’s image; the social responsibility of organisation. The study also revealed that IT professionals are reluctant to: change the field of activity; travel for work; work in a team; be promoted. A nonparametric analysis based on the Mann Whitney U test showed that the gender assessment of an attractive employer’s essential characteristics differed statistically significantly in terms of good relations with the manager, opportunities to implement new ideas and personal potential, and long-term employment prospects.Meanwhile, assessing the most important characteristics of an attractive employer from the point of view of managerial and non-managerial employees differed statistically significantly in terms of good relations with the manager and the possibility of implementing new ideas and personal potential. The distribution of middle ranks revealed that the following essential traits of an attractive employer are more important: for women, a good relationship with the manager, the possibility to reconcile work with personal life, long-term employment prospects; for men, the implementation of new ideas and individual potential, interesting work, professional knowledge development; for managers, the implementation of new ideas and the realisation of individual potential, personal growth, the possibility to reconcile work with personal life and long-term employment opportunities; for non-managers, good relations with the manager, good relations with colleagues, the improvement of professional knowledge, and salaries that meet expectations. A comparative analysis of an attractive employer’s characteristics has made it possible to identify the essential characteristics that employers should establish in their organisations to attract new and retain existing IT employees. A good corporate image alone is not enough to make an employer attractive and desirable; it is more importantly to meet employees’ individual expectations. KEY WORDS: attractive employer, characteristics of an attractive employer, employee expectations, information technology sector. [From the publication]