Jaunimo emigracijos priežastys ir pasekmės šalies ekonomikai

LTDaugelis šalių dėl jaunimo emigracijos susiduria su socialinėmis, demografinėmis problemomis. Tėvynėje kiekvienais metais mažėja gyventojų skaičius, pastebimas spartus gyventojų senėjimas, dėl jaunų žmonių emigracijos mažėja gimstamumas, pastebimas protų nutekėjimas, neretai trūksta gerų specialistų. Šio straipsnio tikslas yra išsiaiškinti, kokios yra jaunimo emigracijos priežastys ir atsakyti į klausimą, kodėl jaunimas emigruoja iš Lietuvos ir kas skatintų juos pasilikti tėvynėje. Straipsnis susideda iš dviejų dalių: pirmoje straipsnio dalyje nagrinėjami teoriniai emigracijos aspektai, jaunimo emigracijos priežastys ir pasekmės šalies ekonomikai. Antroje dalyje pristatomas Lietuvos jaunimo požiūrio į emigraciją tyrimas, atliktas remiantis moksliniais literatūros šaltiniais ir statistiniais duomenimis. Straipsnio pabaigoje pateikiamos išvados ir pasiūlymai.

ENEmigration is one of the oldest process in the world, understood as moving from one country to another in pursuit of a better quality of life or higher salary. Emigration is a serious problem in many countries. Emigration of young people is observed every year and it causes many negative aspects for the country economy. So, the research problem is to find out what attracts young people to emigrate, what happens to the country economy when they emigrate and how emigration can be stopped. The aim of the research - to analyse the causes and consequences of youth emigration for the country economy. The tasks of the research: 1. To provide theoretical analysis of the concept of emigration, its causes and consequences. 2. To study the attitude of young people to the causes and consequences of emigration. 3. To provide possible measures to prevent emigration. Research methods: 1. Analysis of reference literature. 2. Questionnaire. 3. Analysis of statistical data. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. Emigration is a process when someone leaves their home country and settles in another foreign country and one of the main reasons for this process is unfair salary for the work done, difficulty of making career, and low quality of the education system. Having analysed the results of emigration from the theoretical point of view, it can be stated state that emigration causes decrease birth rate and work force.2. After research of young people attitudes towards the causes and consequences of emigration, we can state that the respondents consider financial desires, low level of education and low standard of living as the main reasons for emigration. The respondents also single out the main consequence: a decrease in the labour force. Students also highlight a few consequences: decrease of birth rate, decrease of young people that causes increase of old people’s population. 3. According to the respondents, possible measures to stop emigration are: increasing salaries, creation of new jobs, and improve the quality of education.