ENIn October 1927, a presidential decree entered into force that regulated the treatment rules of gambling addicts. It was the first evidence of a change in thinking about those who could not cope with addiction. In practice, the new regulations did not change much; nevertheless, the problem that had been ridiculed until then slowly became an element of discourse, also a medical one. In fear of the uncontrolled development of institutions off ering the opportunity to participate in strictly gambling entertainment (lotteries, races, bookmakers’ bets, casinos, etc.), a lottery monopoly was introduced at the dawn of the Second Republic of Poland. Horse racing was also nationalised. At the same time, however, together with state legal forms of gambling, the gambling underground was operating in interwar Poland, both the ‘exclusive’ (roulette parlours) and the plebeian one. The article deals with the latter.