Bepiločių orlaivių naudojimo teisinis reguliavimas Lietuvoje ir Europos Sąjungoje: ateities vizija

LTStraipsnyje analizuojamas bepiločių orlaivių naudojimo teisinis reguliavimas Lietuvos Respublikoje. Daug dėmesio skiriama Europos Sąjungos institucijų teisės aktų analizei, vertinamas galimas teisinis reguliavimas Europos Sąjungoje. Nepaisant neišsamaus reguliavimo, akcentuojamas atsakomybės taikymo klausimas, vertinant ir analizuojant kitų valstybių patirtį modeliuojami galimi šio klausimo sprendimo variantai. Apžvelgiant Europos Sąjungos ir Tarptautinės civilinės aviacijos organizacijos išleistus rekomendacinius aktus bei Lietuvos Respublikos įstatymų projektus, aptariami esminiai reguliavimo trūkumai ir galimi jų pašalinimo būdai.

ENThe concept of unmanned aircraft means any aircraft operated or designed to be operated without a pilot on board. Their existence is acknowledged in the Chicago Convention, which regulates international civil aviation since 1944. The situation today is complex because of huge differences in national regulations. Technological progress has now reached a point where unmanned aerial vehicle application has become technologically feasible and economically viable in ordinary life, however there are no harmonized rules at the European Union level among Member States. There are a few basic rules for using unmanned aircrafts in Lithuania; unfortunately, they are fragmented and do not ensure protection of fundamental rights to the third parties. Considering safety aspects of unmanned aircraft operations, there is no immediate need for new rules, but a better application of existing rules, where a closer collaboration between national aviation authorities and law enforcement agencies is required.Due to the lack of common rules, the European Aviation Safety Agency (hereinafter referred to as the Agency) was requested to produce concrete proposals for a regulatory framework and for low-risk operations for unmanned aircraft. The Agency‘s documents contains no legal text, but serve as guidance rules for unmanned aircraft under the Single European Sky. The main purpose of the European regulation is that rules for unmanned aircraft should evolve towards an operationcentric approach, where risk of a particular operation is made dependent on a range of factors, such as the type of an area and potential hazards to third parties on the ground or in the air. What is really important to mention is that the regulation process of unmanned aircrafts has revealed some specific regulatory principles particularly referring to unmanned aerial vehicles, for instance operation-centric, risk-based, performance-based, proportionality, etc.