Lietuvos kultūros paminklų registracija ir jų apsaugos organizavimas 1934-1936 metais

LTStraipsnyje apžvelgiami 1919 m. įsteigtos Valstybės archeologijos komisijos veiklos paskutinieji 1934-1936 metai. Tai ryškiausias Lietuvos Respublikos metų kultūros paminklų apsaugos epizodas. 1934 m. Kultūros ministerija įsteigė Senovės paminklų apsaugos referentūrų, kuri veikė Valstybės archeologijos komisijos vardu. Tuo laiku buvo atlikti Lietuvos kultūros paminklų registracijai reikalingi parengiamieji darbai. Pasitelkus šimtus bendradarbių buvo registruojami kultūros paminklai, sudaromos jų bylos. Nors nebuvo paminklosaugos įstatymo, pavyko palyginti sėkmingai organizuoti ir kultūros paminklų apsaugą. Be to, plačiu mastu buvo renkami įvairūs muziejiniai eksponatai, surašomas Lietuvos žemės vardynas.

ENIn August 18th, 1919 the Law of the State Archaeological Committee (Lithuanian VAK) was declared. Committee, subordinate to The Ministry of Education, right from the start began a campaign to preserve old documents, establish a Central State Archive, renovate devastated and damaged renowned architectural monuments, recover archives and other cultural heritage exported to Russia during World War I and prior to that. Later a matter arose to prepare a list of Cultural Monuments and to ensure its protection. However VAK did not have needed professionals for this job at that time. On top of that, there was no corresponding Law for the protection of Cultural Monuments. At the beginning of 1934, The Ministry of Education established an Ancient Monuments' Protection Referenture. Vladas Pryšmanas was appointed as a head of the organization. The first step wa s to popularize Cultural Monuments' protection as well as find and enable people for this task. Because of this matter, courses for Ancient Monuments' Protection started to be organized; similar, separate, smaller scale courses for land surveyors and cultivators of unused land were established as well. 10 most advanced course attendees got a job at the Referenture. All the employee s at that time were freelancers and wer e paid per hour. Necessary forms for the registration of archaeological ethnography and other types of monuments' were prepared and printed; other preparatory work was executed. About 600 volunteers, contributors of State Archaeological Committe e wer e recruited for the registration and observation of Cultural Monuments. This included all types of professions, intellectuals mostly, teachers, surveyors, municipal servants, etc. In 1935 a Cultural Monuments' inventory was started. VAK volunteers, according to instructions, filled its registration blanks.In addition Lithuanian land names were chronicled, the knowledge on all the Public museums, their exhibits, individual antique findings, etc was gathered. At the same time, in the presence of local police officers, land owners or managers, whos e land contained archaeological or other cultural monument, were asked to sign a pledge to not damage it. Until November, 1936, 3577 immova ­ ble Monuments were registered, most of them archaeological, historical and architectural, 2527 preservation guaranties were received. In 1935-193 6 an architectural Monuments' inventory was executed, and planning of its protection, detained the possible damage for decades. Since October 22th, 1936, the Museum of Vytautas the Great was obligated to take care of Cultural Monuments. The Ancient Monuments' Protection Referenture was annulled. The article also contains 6 biographies of the most prominent members of the former institution, who worked there in 1935-1936.