Liturginės orientacijos judaizme ir krikščionybėje lyginamoji analizė

LTStraipsnyje aptariami judaizmo ir krikščionybės liturginės orientacijos objektai – Jeruzalės šventykla bei kosminė rytų kryptis. Pateikiami abiejų orientacijos objektų teologijos metmenys, atskleidžiami šventosios orientacijos įgyvendinimo judaizmo ir krikščionybės liturginėje praktikoje būdai, pristatomos istorinės aplinkybės, lėmusios judaizmo ir krikščionybės orientacijos praktikų atsiradimą bei raidą. Aptaręs ir sugretinęs abi orientacijas, autorius teigia, jog ankstyvoji Bažnyčia, atmesdama judaizmo orientaciją į Jeruzalę, patvirtino savo santykio su judaizmu dviprasmiškumą: kosminiai rytai pakeitė žemiškąją Jeruzalę ne vien ją paneigdami, bet ir savitai patvirtindami jos reikšmingumą bei pratęsdami jos vaidmenį. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Liturgija; Liturgy.

ENThe main object of this article is the phenomena of religious orientation of two biblical religions – Judaism and Christianity. Judaism’s orientation towards the temple of Jerusalem and Christian orientation towards the cosmic east are discussed separately, and then compared with historical circumstances provided. Finally, the conclusions are drawn from the comparison of their theologies and ways in which they were applied in liturgy and prayer in both mentioned religions. The Temple of Jerusalem was held in Judaism to be the true ‘axis mundi”, the place where the presence of Yahweh abided in greatest possible fullness on earth. Jerusalem itself was the city of David, i.e., the Messianic city, the main “locus” of fulfilment of God’s promises to his people and the object of the messianic hope of Israel. Because of such significance Jerusalem with its Temple after Babylonian exile became an absolute object of sacred orientation of Judaism. Orientation towards the Holy City was expressed essentially in two ways: by orienting synagogues towards Jerusalem and by turning to Jerusalem in prayer. It seems that Christianity from the very beginning of its existence chose the cardinal direction of the east as an object of its sacred orientation. East was held by the early Church the symbol of Christ’s Resurrection and Parousia. According to the Bible, east was a place of Paradise and divine presence. Christian orientation towards the rising sun was embodied in many details of liturgical worship and ecclesiological practices.