ENExtensive activities of the Order of St. Basil the Great contributed to the religious and secular culture of the Republic of Poland from the 17th century to the cessation, which took diverse courses under the Austrian and Russian partitions. Under the Russian partition the Order was utterly destroyed in 1839. The Lithuanian province of the Order had lasted since the reform of the Order (1617) till the decree of Tsar Nikolai I (1839). Over the two centuries, in the Lithuanian province of the Order, the schools of the Order and secular schools emerged; three printworks operated, in Vilnius, Supraśl and Mińsk, issuing both Latin and Cyrillic prints; writers from the Order made their mark with historical, legal and political writings, which provide valuable evidence of their intellectual flexibility. The works related to the history of the Order are significant for the history of the Eastern Church. Basilian libraries collected highly valuable works in Polish, Latin and Old Church Slavonic languages, which is evidenced by the disclosed catalogues and inventories of the old libraries of the Order, as well as by property marks on the fragments of old collections.