Juosta ir audimas kaip simbolis lietuvių ir indų mitologinėse tradicijose: tipologinės sąsajos ir skirtumai

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjama juostų ir audimo simbolinės funkcijos ir jų vieta mitinėje lietuvių pasaulėžiūroje. Duomenis lyginant su indų mitologija bei daile, taip pat papildomai pasitelkiant neindoeuropietiškos Indonezijos bei senosios Europos mitologijos faktus, išryškėja tiriamų simbolių visuotinumas ir drauge tradicinės lietuvių pasaulėžiūros savitumas bei joje glūdintys ir indoeuropiečiams, ir jų kaimynams būdingi mitinių nuostatų bruožai [p. 265].

ENLithuanians, like many other nations, like to link weaving technology and its results with the cosmos (social and natural), mythical beings, with good fortune and spiritual protection. A specific feature of the Balts’ outlook is the association of the woven sashes, and especially the very process of the weaving, with the female deity Laumė, which is similar to Laima and close to Aushrinė and Austeya, as in ancient mythology where weaving is women’s preoccupation. These goddesses are also associated with objects of nature, which in traditional Lithuanian thinking are metaphorically linked with weaving or textile, such as: a rainbow (laumės juosta - the band of Laumė), bees (they “sew” honeycombs, about their flying it is said “bees weave”, their goddess Austeya from the word austi to weave), the spider (their gossamer has the name laumių plaukai- the tears of Laumė). The ancient Aryans, on the contrary, linked the divine twin brothers the Ashvins with weaving. But it seems that there arc two branches of the same Indo-European myth about the goddess Sun, or Sun douthcr (vedic Surya, Duhita Su- ryasya and Baltic Saulės dukrytė, Saules meita, Aušrinė, Austro) with her company of divine twins (vedic Aswins, Divo napala, Baltic Dievo sūneliai, Dievą deli). Of course the association of weaving, spinning etc. with the female deity (Saules meita, Aušrinė, Austro) in Baltic parallels depends on cultural specifics. It is possible to explain the link between the craft of weaving and female deities (especially with Laume and Laima) in the mythico-poetical tradition of the Balts as a relict of the very strong connection of weaving with the cult of the Goddess in the culture of prehistoric Old Europe.On the contrary, the Hindu tradition shows the strong domination of the male principle, as it is common to Indo-Europeans (Aryans). On the other hand, the semiotics of the band as the symbol of the old European and Aryan cultures shows that in it there many universal features. One of them is the same fashion of wearing the band, or thread, as the attribute of the gods and priests as in Old European, so in Hindu iconology, in spite of the differences of time, space and ideology.