ENThe author tries to interpret the historical and mythological testimonia about the Pre-Islamic Arabia collected from the Hellenic sources (especially Herodotus, Arrian, Strabo) and shows the fabulous image of ancient Arabia and Arabs created by the foreign observers who knew Arabia only from afar. However, the mythological realities sometimes have certain metaphysical foundation. The article deals with a question of Arabic selfidentity before the coming of the Prophet Muhammad and discusses some problems of Arabic navigation, the relationship between nomads and town dwellers as well as peculiarities of socalled Bedouin life style.