Lotyniškų rūgščių pavadinimų darybos principai ir dabartinė vartosena

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjami lotyniški rūgščių pavadinimai, remiantis dabartiniu metu galiojančio Europos farmakopėjos 5 leidimo duomenimis. Pateikiama šių terminų darybinė bei gramatinė analizė, lyginamas jų vartojimas lietuvių, anglų, vokiečių ir rusų kalbomis.

ENThe 5th edition of the European Pharmacopoeia contains 50 names of acids - 4 non-organic acids, and 46 organic acids. According to the rules of the Latin language, names of acids consist of 2 words - the noun Acidum and the adjective with the ending -urn. The affixes of the adjectives define the properties of the chemical composition of the acid - oxygenous or non-oxygenous acid, and the oxidation degree. The adjectives that compose the name of the acid are made from nouns that indicate the component of the acid or the raw substance from which the acid is derived or isolated. However, there are some names of acids that do not correspond to the principles of the formation of acid names. In the aspect of the suffix of the adjective, the usage of the name Acidum hydrochloridum is incorrect, since instead of the adjective suffix -icum it contains the noun suffix -idum indicating the name of the salt. Names of organic acids are created using a new method of the formation of adjectives that is not typical to the Latin language. According to this method, adjectives are formed according to the INN principles from separate roots rather than from nouns. The stems of adjectives used in the names of organic acids are identical in both the English and the Latin languages.