Teiginio „Cogito ergo sum“ legitimiškumo problema

LTR. Descartes'o „cogito ergo sum“ – vienas iš garsiausių teiginių Vakarų filosofijos istorijoje. Juo žymima naujos filosofavimo epochos – naujųjų amžių – pradžia, kai pažinimo atskaitos taškas perkeliamas iš pasaulio į pažįstantį subjektą. Tačiau retai prisimenama, kad, žymėdamas naujos epochos pradžią, teiginys „cogito ergo sum“ liudija ir nelengvą jos gimimą. Visą XVII a. II pusę vyksta ginčai dėl teiginio „cogito ergo sum“ legitimiškumo. Nesutariama, ar ryšys tarp „cogito“ ir „sum“ pagrįstas silogizmu, ar ne. Nuo atsakymo į šį klausimą tiesiogiai priklauso teiginio „cogito ergo sum“ legitimiškumas. Šio straipsnio tikslas ir būtų aptarti teiginio „cogito ergo sum“ legitimiškumo problemą [Iš Įvado].

ENArticle deals with one of central problem of Cartesian philosophy – that of connection between thinking and being supposed by proposition "cogito ergo sum". The problem is: by which operation of mind can we perceive connection between "cogito" and "sum" whether by intuition, or deduction? In short, whether this proposition – is syllogism, or not? According to Descartes, the connection is perceived by straight insight of mind. But logical operator "ergo" existing between "cogito" and "sum" shows that "cogito" – is premise, "sum" is conclusion, and proposition "cogito ergo sum" – is abridged syllogism or entimema (omitted general presupposition is "Everyone, who thinks, exists"). Descartes agrees that it is possible to think the general presupposition prior to the proposition. But in order to avoid the pitfall of syllogistic structure he uses analogy with problem of universalia. The general presupposition is a generality, and the proposition is an individuality. We know the individuality prior to the generality. Nevertheless, the connection is grounded by syllogism. The proposition is an entimema. Omitted general presupposition is "Every accidens points to substantia (as being and entity)".