Grigališkasis choralas: tradicija ar tradicijos

LTŠio straipsnio tikslas yra aptarti vieną iš grigališkojo choralo klasifikacijos metodologinių problemų. Įvairūs jos aspektai gana aktyviai svarstomi Vakarų muzikologijoje , tačiau jie visiškai nenagrinėti Lietuvoje. Pagal esmę tai yra istorinė problema, tačiau svarbi siekiant suprasti šio giedojimo gyvavimo sąlygas bei analizuojant įvairias jo ypatybes. Straipsnyje naudojantis aprašomuoju metodu aptariamos tradicijos apskritai bei grigališkojo choralo tradicijos problemos, taip pat pristatoma profesoriaus Ldszló Dobszay išplėtota metodologija. Be to, remiantis istoriografiniu metodu bei Vilniaus ir Žemaičių vyskupysčių diplomatiniais šaltiniais, nagrinėjami kai kurie šios problemos aspektai viduramžių Lietuvoje.

ENThe principal aim of the paper is to discuss the question of tradition in Gregorian chant in Middle Ages with regard to some specific features of it in medieval Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the first half of the article the author discusses the notion of tradition in general. In connection with this, the different approaches to the Gregorian chant are examined as well. The particular attention is drawn to the methodology of CAO-ECE as presented by prof. L. Dobszay. On the basis of its key principals as well as source analysis the second part of the paper deals with the beginnings of the Gregorian chant in medieval Lithuania. Because of the lack of primary sources from the earliest period the diplomatic sources are taken into account. However, even closer analysis of these provides certain ground for several hypotheses. They could be formulated as follows: it is highly believable that at the beginning the Franciscans and their chant was the most influential. However, it is hard to assume that this influence was effective in the long run. Late diplomatic sources reveal rather controversial picture, where it is rather difficult to find a uniform tradition. To prove all these propositions more profound research is necessary.