LTOne of the few examples of testimonial literature published in the Soviet Union was Masha Rol'nikaite's memoir I Have to Tell (la dolzhna rasskazat'). In this article I explore how Rol'nikaite's memoir was adapted to the Soviet discourse and how she reflects on this in her post-Soviet memoir That Happened Later (Eto bylo potom), which she wrote in the 1990s, based on her memories of Soviet times. Tracing the transformations of her account in the face of Soviet ideological demands, this paper will highlight some of these changes. In conclusion, the case of Rol'nikaite will be viewed from the perspective of witness literature on the Holocaust and its place in Russian literature today. [p. 62].